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近年来,微波技术在病理领域得到了进一步的应用。采用微波辐射法固定组织,具有固定快,方法简单,可靠,组织结构保存较好,无毒味等优点。微波辐射的固定原理微波(Microwave,MW)是一种高频电磁波,频率范围自300MHz～300GHz。MW作用于生物体,可被反射、折射、吸收或贯穿整个生物组织,可以在组织内快速、均匀地产热,并使蛋白质凝固。MW穿透生物组织的深度取决于频率,随着频率的增加,穿透深度减低。20～30GHz时主要穿透到皮肤内。1～3GHz时穿透深度视不同组织而异,可在浅层和深层组织吸收。MW能的多少与组织的电容率和电导率对不同频率MW的值有关。当一种物质吸收MW能时,振荡的电场使分子以多种波型振动,如旋转、扭转、伸展或弯曲。这些振荡的分子运动产生分子摩擦力,从而把MW能转换成热能。
In recent years, microwave technology has been further applied in the field of pathology. Using microwave radiation to fix the tissue, the method has the advantages of fast fixation, simple and reliable method, good preservation of tissue structure, non-toxic taste and the like. Fixed Principles of Microwave Radiation Microwave (MW) is a high-frequency electromagnetic wave with a frequency range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. MW acts on the organism and can be reflected, refracted, absorbed or penetrated throughout the biological tissue, producing rapid and even heat generation within the tissue and coagulating the protein. The depth of MW penetration through the biological tissue depends on the frequency, with decreasing penetration depth as the frequency increases. 20 ~ 30GHz when the main penetration into the skin. Penetration depth varies from 1 to 3 GHz depending on the tissue and can be absorbed in the superficial and deep tissues. The amount of MW energy depends on the tissue’s permittivity and conductivity for different frequencies of MW. When a substance absorbs MW energy, an oscillating electric field vibrates the molecule in a variety of modes, such as rotating, twisting, stretching, or bending. These oscillating molecular motions generate molecular friction that converts MW energy into heat energy.