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褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens是水稻最重要的害虫之一,长期依赖化学防治导致了该害虫对不同类型杀虫剂抗性的产生,对新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉高水平抗性的产生更是造成了巨大的粮食生产损失。近年来在褐飞虱对吡虫啉抗性机理,以及在抗药性机理研究推动下吡虫啉作用靶标褐飞虱神经系统烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nicotinic acetylcholine receptors,nAChRs)毒理学等方面取得了许多研究进展。nAChRs是昆虫神经系统中最重要的神经递质受体,是几类重要杀虫剂的作用靶标,其中以新烟碱类杀虫剂为代表。通过对比敏感品系和室内连续筛选获得的高抗吡虫啉品系,在褐飞虱两个nAChRs亚基Nlα1和Nlα3中均发现了抗性相关点突变Y151S,该突变导致了受体与吡虫啉结合亲和力的显著下降,而对内源神经递质乙酰胆碱的亲和力影响很小。Nlα1与褐飞虱另外两个亚基Nlα2和Nlβ1共聚成一个受体,构成吡虫啉低亲和力结合位点;Nlα3与褐飞虱另外两个亚基Nlα8和Nlβ1共聚成一个受体,构成吡虫啉高亲和力结合位点。不仅褐飞虱nAChRs与吡虫啉抗性相关,某些nAChRs附属蛋白也直接影响褐飞虱对吡虫啉的抗性,如Lynx蛋白。关于褐飞虱nAChRs组成、抗药性相关变异、受体附属蛋白对抗药性的影响等方面的研究,均为国内外前沿报道,不仅有助于对新烟碱类杀虫剂抗性机理的理解,对昆虫nAChRs毒理学同样具有很大的推动作用。
Nilaparvata lugens is one of the most important pests in rice. Long-term chemical control has led to the pest’s resistance to different types of insecticides and caused more resistance to the high level of neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid Huge loss of food production. In recent years, many research advances have been made on the mechanisms of resistance of imidacloprid to BPH in N. lugens, and the toxicological effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) targeting the target of imidacloprid in the mechanism of drug resistance. nAChRs are the most important neurotransmitter receptors in the insect nervous system and are the target of several important insecticides, of which the neonicotinoid insecticides are the representatives. The resistance-related point mutation Y151S was found in the two nAChRs subunits Nlα1 and Nlα3 of the brown planthopper, which were induced by the contrasting susceptible strains and the continuous high-resistance indoor imidacloprid-resistant strains. This mutation led to a significant decrease in the binding affinity of the imidacloprid receptor, While the affinity of endogenous neurotransmitter acetylcholine little effect. Nlα1 and Nilaparvata lugens Nlα2 and Nlβ1 two other subunits were copolymerized into a receptor, constitute a low affinity binding site of imidacloprid; Nlα3 Nlγ1 and two other subunits of Nilaparvata lugens Nlα8 and Nlβ1 copolymerized into a receptor, constitute a high-affinity binding site for imidacloprid. Not only nAChRs of N. lugens are related to imidacloprid resistance, some nAChRs ancillary proteins also directly affect the resistance of N. lugens to imidacloprid, such as Lynx protein. The studies on the composition of nAChRs, the related variation of drug resistance and the influence of the accessory proteins on the resistance of the Nilaparvata lugens are all front-line reports at home and abroad, which not only help to understand the resistance mechanism of neonicotinoid insecticides, nAChRs toxicology also has a great role in promoting.