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十九世纪德国诗人格奥尔格·维尔特(一八二二——一八五六)是马克思和恩格斯的战友,曾被恩格斯称为“德国无产阶级第一个和最重要的诗人”。维尔特出生在一个牧师家庭,十四岁开始出外谋生,耳闻目睹了种种不合理的社会现象,十分同情劳动人民的悲惨遭遇,这充分反映在他的早期诗作中。从一八四三年起,他同马克思、恩格斯建立了深厚的友谊,参与编辑由马克思主编的《新莱因报》,这几年是他政治上、艺术上最成熟的时期,创作也最丰盛。他通过诗歌、杂文、小说等形式,用尖锐的文笔参加了打击敌人、宣传革命的斗争,刻划了无产阶级政治上的觉醒和资本主义掘墓者的形象。在艺术风格上,维尔特充分吸取了民间文学的营养,越到后期越大众化。德国一八四八年革命失败后,马克思、恩格斯再次被逐出德国,维尔特也被迫重新经商,不久病逝于哈瓦那,年仅三十四岁。这里发表的五首诗,从各个方面显示了维尔特的革命精神和诗歌艺术。《工业》以磅礴的气势、铿锵的语言歌颂工业革命;《刚十八岁》通过一个穷苦少女的天亡控诉资本主义制度的罪恶;《玛丽》则以明朗、豪放的诗情画笔成功地刻划了一个爱尔兰女爱国者的形象。这五首诗,《玛丽》的译者是宁瑛,其它四首的译者是施升。
Nineteenth-century German poet Georg Wilt (1822 - 1856), a comrade of Marx and Engels, was once described by Engels as “the first and most important poet of the German proletariat” . Wilt was born in a pastor’s family. When he was fourteen, he started to make a living abroad. He witnessed all kinds of unreasonable social phenomena and greatly sympathized with the tragic experiences of the working people. This is fully reflected in his early poems. From 1843 onwards, he established a profound friendship with Marx and Engels and participated in compiling the “Neheinhöle” newspaper edited by Marx. These years are the most mature and artistic periods in his history and the most creative rich. Through his poetry, essays and novels, he took part in the struggle against the enemy and publicizing revolution with his sharp writing. He portrayed the political awakening of the proletariat and the image of the capitalist gravedigger. In artistic style, Wilt fully absorbed the nourishment of folk literature, the later the more popular. After the defeat of Germany in 1848, Marx and Engels were again expelled from Germany, and Wiltshire was forced to resume business and soon died in Havana, at the age of only 34. The five poems published here show Wilth’s revolutionary spirit and poetic art in all its aspects. “Industry” praised the industrial revolution with magnificent and sonorous language; “just eighteen years old” sued the guilt of the capitalist system through the death of a poor girl; “Mary” succeeded in using bright and bold poetic brushstrokes Sculpted an Irish woman patriot image. The five poems, the translator of Mary, are Ning Ying and the other four translators are Shi Sheng.