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机器转子应用“柔轴”可使结构简单、重量轻、运转平稳,因此釆用“柔轴”大有好处。应用“柔轴”时的主要困难是保证转子平稳而又安全可靠地通过临界转速。目前可能用来作为这种安全装置的有转轴挠度限制器与挠曲阻尼器。后者虽能保证转子很平稳地通过临界转速,但其结构复杂、重量较大、可靠性能差。限制器则重量小、结构简单,但关于限制器的工作理论及选用方法还研究得很少,未见有关这方面的文献。本文根据初步实验与作者见解,提出限制器工作理论和应用这一理论,选用限制器间隙与位置的方法。本文基于一单盘双支点转子有一定的临界转速与挠度随转速变化的曲线,但当转轴与限制器接触时,这一转子便成为一特殊的“三支点”系统,此时临界转速与挠度变化曲线与前不同。由于这种原因转子通过临界转速时,轴便会在限制器中作剧烈的横向振动。在设计不当时发生这种振动的转子转速范围大,并且轴在较大的转速范围内均与限制器接触,轴在连接盘子处的挠度反而很大,限制器实际上没有限制挠度的作用。在正确设计情况下则与上述结果相反,根据这一理论提出选用限器间隙与限制器位置的方法。 研究中承曹玉璋与王树卿两同学参加计算和实验等工作,在此深表谢意。
Machine rotor application “flexible shaft” can make the structure simple, light weight, stable operation, so preclude the use of “flexible shaft” great advantage. The main difficulty when applying “flexible shaft” is to ensure that the rotor passes the critical speed safely and reliably. Currently available as a safety device with shaft deflection limiter and flexure damper. Although the latter can ensure that the rotor passes the critical speed smoothly, its structure is complicated, the weight is heavy, and the reliability is poor. The limiter is a small weight, simple structure, but the work on the limiter theory and selection methods are also studied very little, no literature on this. Based on preliminary experiments and author’s opinion, this paper puts forward the theory of limiter work and application of this theory, and selects the method of limiter gap and position. This paper is based on the fact that a single disc double-pivoted rotor has some curves of critical speed and deflection varying with speed. However, when the shaft contacts the limiter, this rotor becomes a special “three-fulcrum” system. At this moment, the critical speed and deflection The curve is different from before. For this reason, the shaft will vibrate violently in the limiter when the rotor passes the critical speed. In the poorly designed rotor speed range of such vibration occurs large, and the shaft in a larger range of speed are in contact with the limiter, the shaft in the connection plate deflection but rather large, the limiter does not actually limit the role of deflection. In the case of the correct design, contrary to the above results, a method of choosing the limiter clearance and limiter position is proposed according to this theory. In the study, Cao Yuzhang and Wang Shuqing two students participated in the calculation and experiment work, in this deep gratitude.