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本文运用4×4不完全双列杂交设计对杂交稻稻米碾磨和外观品质性状遗传及相关进行了研究。结果表明杂交稻垩白粒率偏高、面积偏大;七个品质性状h_B~2大小顺序为长宽比>粒长>整精米率>垩白粒率>出糙率>垩白面积>精米率;不育系gca对七个品质性状存在显著或极显著的影响,而恢复系gca和sca仅对部分性状产生显著作用;各性状(?)_2~1+(?)_2~2占(?)_G~2的75.19%—97.14%,表明各性状主要受到基因加性效应的作用;亲本gi(P_1)+gi(P_2)与杂交稻七个品质性状的表现存在显著或极显著的直线回归和相关关系,可用其预测杂交稻的表现;通径分析结果表明千粒重对垩白面积产生最大的直接效应,而整精米率、长宽比对其产生最大的直接负效应。
In this paper, 4 × 4 incomplete diallel cross design was used to study the inheritance and correlation of milling and appearance quality traits in hybrid rice. The results showed that the percentage of chalky rice in hybrid rice was higher and the area was larger. The sequence of h_B ~ 2 in seven quality traits was as follows: aspect ratio> grain length> milled rice rate> chalky grain rate> browning rate> chalkiness area> The male sterile line gca had significant or extremely significant effects on seven quality traits, while the restoring lines gca and sca only had a significant effect on some traits. The characters (?) _2 ~ 1 + (?) _2 ~ 2 accounted for (P <0.05), which indicated that all the traits were mainly affected by gene additive effect. There was a significant or extremely significant linear relationship between the performance of seven quality traits of gi (P 1) + gi (P 2) and hybrid rice Regression and correlation were used to predict the performance of hybrid rice. The results of path analysis showed that 1000-grain weight had the greatest direct effect on the area of chalkiness, but there was the largest direct negative effect on grain yield.