二战后,在复杂的国际环境和国内矛盾之下,以《国防教育法》、《2061计划》和《国家科学教育标准》为代表,美国先后掀起了三次中小学科学课程改革的浪潮。这几次改革都是在深刻的危机时刻启动的,它们使美国中小学科学教育的目标、手段、对象呈现新的发展趋势,将美国中小学科学教育推向了新的发展阶段。 After the Second World War, under the complex international environment and domestic contradictions, the United States has set off three waves of reform of science curriculum in primary and secondary schools on behalf of the “National Defense Education Law,” “Project 2061,” and “National Science Education Standards.” These reforms have all started at a time of profound crisis. They have brought new goals, means and targets for science education in primary and secondary schools in the United States to new trends and pushed science education in primary and secondary schools in the United States to a new stage of development.