[目的]本研究对雄性SD大鼠进行甲醇吸入染毒,研究其神经行为变化,为甲醇神经毒性机制研究提供依据.[方法]选取体重为(200±20)g的健康雄性SD大鼠64只,随机分为对照组及甲醇染毒(低、中、高剂量)组,每组16只.静式吸入染毒28d,染毒箱中甲醇质量浓度分别为0、25.344、50.688、101.376g/m3,染毒结束后采用水迷宫实验、旷场实验对其神经行为进行检测.[结果]染毒2周,中、高剂量组大鼠体重增长量[(73.11±30.18)g,(70.50±29.59)g]低于对照组与低剂量组[(107.23±24.10)g,(94.22±11.78)g];染毒3周,高剂量组体重增长量[(96.61±25.83)g]低于对照组与低剂量组[(137.81±28.62)g,(122.04±16.62)g],中剂量组[(107.18±38.27)g)]低于对照组[(137.81±28.62)g)];4周后仅高剂量组体重增长量[(118.44±29.68)g)]低于对照组[(144.76±27.56)g].水迷宫实验中,高剂量组大鼠潜伏时间明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);中剂量组(0.91±0.74)、高剂量组(0.78±0.60)的跨平台次数均少于对照组(1.44±0.60);高剂量组[(26.50±7.66)％]东南象限时间/总时间低于对照组[(32.45±8.10)％]与低剂量组[(32.49±6.04)％];高剂量组[(26.94±4.98)％]东南象限游程/总游程低于对照组[(31.42±6.10)％].旷场实验中,染毒组总路程、总速度均低于对照组(P＜ 0.05);中剂量组、高剂量组中央区域的路程和次数少于对照组(P＜0.05);高剂量组中央区域时间/总时间低于低剂量组与对照组(P＜0.05).[结论]甲醇暴露会影响雄性大鼠的体重增长,会对其神经系统造成损害,影响大鼠的认知功能、运动功能,且剂量越高,影响越严重.“,”[Objective] To investigate the neurobehavioral changes induced by short-term inhalation of methanol in male SD rats,and provide evidence for studies on methanol neurotoxicity mechanism.[Methods] Sixty-four healthy male SD rats [body weight (200 ± 20)g] were randomly divided into control group (0 g/m3) and low (25.344 g/m3),medium (50.688 g/m3),and high (101.376g/m3) dose groups,with 16 rats in each group.The rats were exposed to the designed dosages of methanol for 28 d.Then water maze test and open field test were used for neurobehavioral evaluation.[Results] After exposure for two weeks,the average weight gains of the medium dose group [(73.11 ± 30.18)g] and the high dose group [(70.50 ± 29.59)g] were significantly lower than those of the control group [(107.23 ± 24.10)g] and the low dose group [(94.22 ±11.78)g].After exposure for three weeks,the average weight gain of the high dose group [(96.61 ± 25.83)g] was significantly lower than that of the control group [(137.81 ± 28.62)g] and the low dose group [(122.04 ± 16.62)g],and the average weight gain of the medium dose group [(107.18 ± 38.27)g] was significantly lower than that of the control group [(137.81 ± 28.62)g].After exposure for four weeks,the average weight gain of the high dose group [(118.44 ± 29.68)g] was significantly lower than that of the control group [(144.76 ± 27.56)g].In the water maze experiment:the latency of the high dose group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P＜0.05);the numbers of crossing platforms in the medium dose group (0.91 ±0.74) and the high dose group (0.78 ±0.60) were less than that in the control group (1.44 ± 0.60);the southeast quadrant time/total time of the high dose group [(26.50 ±7.66)％] was lower than that of the control group [(32.45 ± 8.10)％] and the low dose group [(32.49 ± 6.04)％];the southeast quadrant distance/total distance of the high dose group [(26.94 ± 4.98)％] was lower than that of the control group [(31.42 ± 6.10)％].In the open field experiment:the total distance and total speed of all methanol exposed groups were lower than those of the control group respectively (P＜0.05);the distance and the frequency in the central area of the medium dose group and the high dose group were less than those of the control group respectively (P ＜ 0.05);the central region time/total time of the high dose group was lower than that of the control group and the low dose group (P＜0.05).[Conclusion] Methanol exposure has a significant effect on body weight gain of male rats,and causes damage to nervous system,affecting cognitive function and motor function.Higher methanol exposure dose is associated with more severe effects.