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我国自20世纪70年代采取准生证制度,其设立初衷是作为政府对控制和管理人口的手段,是我国计划生育管理模式的核心内容,具有有明显的行政许可性。随着全面放开二胎政策的人口政策调整,原来作为资格许可的“二胎准生证”法律性质随之发生变更,同“一胎准生证”一样需要纳入行政审批改革的范畴中。各省市计生主管部门纷纷通过颁布规范性文件的方式推行准生证审批制度改革,包括取消准生证、简化程序、转为登记制度等手段,涉及对政府监管方式、监管范围的影响“。全面二胎”政策下我国计划生育管理模式的转变需要通过明确准生证取得条件的标准向服务便民体系转型,协调处理其与户籍制度、社会抚养费制度改革的关系。
Since the 20th century, 70’s, China adopted the birth and quasi-birth permit system. Its original intention was established as a means by which the government controlled and managed the population. It was the core content of China’s family planning management mode and had obvious administrative licensing. With the liberalization of the population policy of the second child policy, the legal nature of the second child birth certificate, which was originally granted as a qualification license, will be subject to the same category of administrative examination and approval reform as the one-child birth certificate. The departments in charge of family planning of various provinces and municipalities have successively implemented the reform of the system of examination and approval of quasi-live births through the promulgation of normative documents, including the means of canceling the quasi-birth certificates, simplifying the procedures and changing to the registration system, etc., involving the influence on the government’s supervision methods and the scope of supervision. Under the policy, the transition of family planning management mode in our country needs to be transformed into a convenient service system through the standard of obtaining the conditions of obtaining a quasi-health certificate, and the relationship between household registration system and social support system reform should be coordinated and dealt with.