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如何理解物质利益、如何界定市民社会与国家的关系,是青年马克思在理论与现实的碰撞中遭遇的重大问题。从最初意识到市民社会应当是国家的基础,到后来接受感性原则而强调市民社会领域的丰富性与基础性,乃至最后主张人的社会性是在市民社会的发展中逐渐形成的一种本质规定性,“市民社会”批判已经超出了对某一问题的单纯理解,而逐渐要求一种新的世界观的指导。在这一意义上我们可以说,马克思关于市民社会的持续理解,是其走向实践唯物主义的必经之途。
How to understand the material interests and how to define the relationship between civil society and the state is a major issue encountered by the young Marx in the collision between theory and reality. From the initial awareness of civil society should be the basis of the country, and later to accept the principle of sentiment and emphasize the richness and basic nature of civil society, and finally advocated the social nature of people in the development of civil society is gradually formed an essential requirement However, the critique of “civil society” has gone beyond mere understanding of a certain issue and gradually requires the guidance of a new world outlook. In this sense we can say that Marx’s constant understanding of civil society is the only way to go toward practical materialism.