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初中《中国历史》第三册第四章“洋务运动”一节教材,概括地表述了洋务运动的面貌,脉络清晰,重点突出,有力地揭示了洋务运动的实质,说明了它的历史作用。但是,要把这样一个比较复杂的课题讲清楚、讲透彻,确实不易。洋务运动,从开始到彻底破产,前后历经三十五年,几乎占去了中国近代史的二分之一时间,正是近代中国社会政治经济各方面都发生深刻变化并基本上形成了半殖民地半封建社会形态的时期。洋务运动的全部历史内容,与当时中国社会各方面的变化是密切联系着的,涉及的问题既多又广。只有把这三十五年的洋务运动历史中的各种复杂关系搞清楚,搞透彻,才
The textbook in Chapter Four of the “History of the Chinese Society” “Westernization Movement” in junior high school generally expresses the appearance of the Westernization Movement, which has a clear context and highlights the essence of the Westernization Movement and illustrates its historical role. However, it is indeed not easy to make a clear and thorough explanation of such a complicated issue. The Westernization Movement, from the beginning to the complete bankruptcy, took around half the time in modern history in China after 35 years. It is exactly the profound changes that have taken place in all aspects of social politics and economy in modern China and has basically formed a semi-colonial Semi-feudal social form of the period. The entire historical content of the Westernization Movement was closely linked with the changes in all aspects of Chinese society at the time, and the issues involved were numerous and extensive. Only by thoroughly understanding the various complicated relations in the history of the Westernization Movement in these 35 years and carrying them out thoroughly