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目的了解1990-2011年濮阳市甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)疫情分布特征,为制定甲肝预防控制策略提参考依据。方法对濮阳市疫情资料汇编和2005年以来法定传染报告系统中的甲肝资料按时间段进行描述性分析。结果随着卫生条件的改善和甲肝疫苗广泛应用,甲肝发病率大幅度下降,由1992年发病率最高为28.64/10万降至2011年的0.78/10万,甲肝占各类肝炎构成比由1990年的53.57%下降至2011年的0.41%;从2007年起在发病时间上出现两个高峰,即每年春季的3～4月份和夏季的7～8月份,分别占同时期病例的26.06%、20.00%;发病年龄后移,第一阶段(1990-1996年)儿童从占病例数的45.83%下降至第三阶段(2007-2011年)的6.72%,0～9岁年龄组病例构成较1997年前下降了77.44%,2006年以来无暴发疫情报告。结论在继续保持甲肝疫苗高接种率的前提下,该病将会得到进一步控制且有望被消灭。
Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of hepatitis A virus in Puyang City from 1990 to 2011 and to provide reference for the prevention and control of hepatitis A. Methods A descriptive analysis of epidemiological data in Puyang City and data of hepatitis A virus in the statutory infectious disease reporting system since 2005 was conducted by time. Results With the improvement of sanitary conditions and the widespread use of hepatitis A vaccine, the incidence of hepatitis A decreased significantly from the highest incidence of 28.64 / 100 000 in 1992 to 0.78 / 100 000 in 2011. The proportion of hepatitis A in all kinds of hepatitis constituted by 1990 Year from 53.57% in 2011 to 0.41% in 2011. From 2007 onwards, there were two peaks in the time of onset, that is, from March to April in each spring and from July to August in summer, accounting for 26.06% of the same period respectively, 20.00%. The age of onset was shifted. The number of children in the first stage (1990-1996) decreased from 45.83% of cases to 6.72% of the third stage (2007-2011), while the age group of 0-9 years was more than that of 1997 77.44% year ago, and no outbreak report since 2006. Conclusions With the continued high vaccination rate of hepatitis A vaccine, the disease will be further controlled and is expected to be eliminated.