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分别以金优402和黄华占为对照,研究了超级稻早稻株两优819和晚稻丰源优299的生长及光合特性。株两优819分蘖数低于对照,但成穗率较高,最终形成较高的有效穗数,叶面积指数和生物量累积速率在前期高于对照,但在后期低于对照。整个生育期的单叶净光合速率与对照无显著差异,灌浆期叶绿素荧光参数与对照无显著差异。丰源优299分蘖数和有效分蘖低于对照,但一直保持叶面积指数的较大优势,生长中后期的光合速率显著高于对照,所以生物量较高。在灌浆期,在最小荧光Fo、最大荧光Fm和最大量子效率Fv/Fm方面,丰源优299与对照均无显著差异,而在光下即时荧光Ft、光下最大荧光Fm′、实际量子效率Fv′/Fm′、表观光合电子传递速率ETR、光化学猝灭系数qP和非光化学猝灭系数NPQ等方面丰源优299高于对照。株两优819和丰源优299均表现出高产特性,分别比对照产量高出16.29%和5.44%,但其高产机理有所不同。前期较高的生物量积累和后期较高的光合产物运转效率是早稻株两优819高产的主要原因,而中后期较高的光合能力以及高收获指数是晚稻丰源优299高产的主要原因。
Jinyou 402 and Huanghuazhan were used as control to study the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of super rice early rice lines Liangyou 819 and late rice Fengyuanyou 299 respectively. However, the tillering number of Zhuliangyou 819 was lower than that of the control, but the percentage of spikelets was higher and finally the number of effective spikelets was formed. The leaf area index and biomass accumulation rate were higher than the control at the early stage but lower than the control at the later stage. The net photosynthetic rate of single leaf had no significant difference with that of the control during the whole growth period, but there was no significant difference between the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the control at the filling stage. Fengyuangyou 299 had lower tiller number and effective tillering than the control, but kept the advantage of leaf area index. The photosynthetic rate of middle and late growth stage was significantly higher than that of CK, so the biomass was higher. At filling stage, Fengyouyou 299 had no significant difference in terms of minimum fluorescence Fo, maximum fluorescence Fm and maximum quantum efficiency Fv / Fm, but under real light Ft and maximum light Fm ’, the actual quantum efficiency Fv ’/ Fm’, apparent electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) of Fengyuanyou 299 were higher than those of the control. The strains Zhu Liangyou 819 and Fengyuangyou 299 all showed high yield characteristics, which were 16.29% and 5.44% higher than the control respectively, but the mechanism of high yield was different. The higher biomass accumulation in the early stage and the higher photosynthate operating efficiency in the later stage were the main reasons for the high yield of early rice Liangyou 819, while the higher photosynthetic capacity and high harvest index of late rice were the main reasons for late yielding of Fengyuan 299 in late rice.