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土壤墒情预报是农业生产中农田水分管理的前提和基础。土壤墒情的变化受多种气象因素的影响,为了提高农业产量,有效利用水分,在更小的时间和空间尺度上掌握土壤水分的动态变化规律显得尤为重要。该研究以德国奥斯纳布吕克地区田间试验资料为基础,使用德国SIMPEL模型按照水分平衡原理分层模拟了试验区冬小麦0～40cm土层的土壤水分含量变化情况。农田潜在蒸散量的计算采用德国DVWK标准方法Haude计算方法。土壤的田间持水量和凋萎系数采用德国常用的水文模型SPAW(Soil-Plant-Air-Water)按照土壤参数分层计算。SIMPEL模型模拟结果显示,土壤体积含水量实测数据与模拟数据的相关性在0.95,平均相对误差低于3.1%,说明模型能够相对准确的预测此地区根层的土壤水分含量。
Soil moisture forecasting is the prerequisite and basis of farmland water management in agricultural production. The change of soil moisture is influenced by many kinds of meteorological factors. In order to increase the agricultural output and utilize the water effectively, it is very important to grasp the dynamic changes of soil moisture on a smaller time and space scale. Based on the field test data of Osnabrück in Germany, the study simulated the changes of soil water content in 0-40 cm soil layer of winter wheat in the experimental area using the German SIMPEL model in accordance with the principle of water balance. The calculation of the potential evapotranspiration of farmland is based on the German method of Haude calculation of DVWK standard method. Field water holding capacity and wilting coefficient of soils were calculated according to soil parameters by the soil-plant-air-water (SPAW), a common hydrological model in Germany. SIMPEL model simulation results show that the correlation between measured data of soil water content and simulated data is 0.95, and the average relative error is less than 3.1%, indicating that the model can accurately predict the soil moisture content in the rootzone of this area.