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目的了解某铝厂近年来接氟、接尘、接噪作业工人的职业健康状况,确定职业病危害因素的关键控制点和重点监护人群,为管理部门制订职业健康监护方案提供科学依据。方法对重庆市某铝业公司2011—2015年接触职业病危害作业人员职业健康检查结果进行分析。结果该电解铝厂作业工人共计2 287人,其中临床健康检查异常率为47.84%,职业健康检查异常率为11.59%。主要职业性有害因素为氟及其无机化合物、粉尘和噪声。不同年份的氟和粉尘作业工人职业健康检查异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且趋势卡方检验差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05);临床健康检查异常检出率由高到低依次为B超、血压、血常规、心电图和转氨酶异常。B超和肝功能的检出率在不同接害工龄组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),趋势卡方检验差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明B超和肝功能异常检出率随着接害工龄的增加而增高的趋势;接氟职工心电图异常率和接噪职工肝功能异常率明显高于其他组(P<0.05)。结论该企业存在较严重的职业危害并对工人健康产生了一定影响,企业应加强个体防护和职业健康监护,以保护工人健康。
Objective To understand the occupational health of workers exposed to fluoride, dust and noise in a certain aluminum factory in recent years, determine the key control points and key guardians of occupational hazards, and provide a scientific basis for the management to formulate occupational health monitoring programs. Methods The results of occupational health examination of workers exposed to occupational hazards from 2011 to 2015 in an aluminum company in Chongqing were analyzed. Results A total of 2 287 workers were employed in the aluminum smelter. Among them, the abnormal rate of clinical health examination was 47.84% and that of occupational health examination was 11.59%. The main occupational hazards are fluorine and its inorganic compounds, dust and noise. There were significant differences in occupational health check-up rates between fluorine and dust-exposed workers in different years (P <0.05), and the trend chi-square test was also statistically significant (P <0.05). The abnormality rate of clinical health checkup was increased from high To the low order B ultrasound, blood pressure, blood, ECG and transaminase abnormalities. The detection rates of B-ultrasound and liver function were significantly different in different age groups (P <0.05), and the trend chi-square test was also statistically significant (P <0.05), indicating that B-ultrasound and abnormal liver function The rate of ECG abnormality and the frequency of abnormal liver function were significantly higher than those of other groups (P <0.05). Conclusion The enterprises have serious occupational hazards and have a certain impact on the workers’ health. Enterprises should strengthen the protection of individual and occupational health to protect the health of workers.