论文部分内容阅读
目的了解大汶河流域农村小型供水系统应用HACCP前后农村生活饮用水水质变化情况,为制定农村小型供水系统饮用水安全发展规划及社会主义新农村建设提供依据。方法 2011年4月—2012年10月对大汶河流域上、中、下游附近16家农村小型供水系统应用HACCP前后分别采集水样检测,并对检测的结果进行统计学分析,计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果项目实施1年后16家供水系统细菌总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群合格率,实施1年后均高于实施前(χ2=40.926、36.969、30.072,均P<0.05)。大汶河流域上、中、下游附近农村小型供水系统HACCP应用前水质合格率分别为62.50%、58.33%、50.00%,应用后水质合格率分别为100.00%、95.83%、91.66%,HACCP应用前后效果比较:上游比中、下游明显。枯水期、丰水期HACCP应用前水质合格率分别为65.00%、50.00%,应用后水质合格率分别为100.00%、93.75%,HACCP应用前后效果比较:枯水期比丰水期明显。出厂水、末梢水、家庭存水HACCP应用前水质合格率分别为62.50%、59.38%、53.13%,应用后水质合格率分别为100.00%、96.88%、93.75%,HACCP应用前后效果比较:出厂水、家庭存水比末梢水明显。结论 HACCP的应用对于大汶河流域农村小型供水系统水质的改善,特别是对微生物学指标的改善有明显效果,在一定程度上能够消除介水传染病传播的隐患。建议采取有效措施加强HACCP在农村小型供水系统中的推广应用,保障农村生活饮用水安全。
Objective To understand the changes of drinking water quality in rural areas before and after HACCP in small-scale rural water supply system in Dawenhe River Basin and provide the basis for the development of drinking water safety development plan and construction of new socialist countryside in rural small-scale water supply system. Methods From April 2011 to October 2012, water samples were collected before and after HACCP was applied to 16 rural small-scale water supply systems in the upper, middle and lower reaches of Dawenhe River basin, and the results were statistically analyzed. Test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The total number of bacteria, total coliforms and heat-resistant coliform bacteria in 16 water supply systems after 1 year of implementation were higher than those before implementation (χ2 = 40.926, 36.969, 30.072, all P <0.05) after one year. The passing rate of HACCP before the application of HACCP in rural small-scale water supply system near Dawenhe river basin was 62.50%, 58.33% and 50.00%, respectively. The passing rate of water quality after application was 100.00%, 95.83% and 91.66% respectively. Before and after HACCP application Comparison of effects: upstream than the middle and lower reaches obviously. The qualified rate of water before HACCP in dry seasons and wet seasons were 65.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The passing rate of water quality after application was 100.00% and 93.75% respectively. The comparison of the effect before and after HACCP application showed that dry season was more obvious than wet season. The passing rate of HACCP was 62.50%, 59.38% and 53.13% respectively after application of HACCP. The passing rates of water quality after application were 100.00%, 96.88% and 93.75%, respectively. , The family water than the obvious water. Conclusion The application of HACCP can improve the water quality of small-scale rural water supply system in Dawenhe River basin especially for the improvement of microbiological indexes, and to a certain extent, it can eliminate the hidden danger of transmission of water-borne infectious diseases. It is suggested that effective measures should be taken to strengthen the popularization and application of HACCP in small-scale rural water supply system to ensure the safety of rural drinking water.