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[目的]探讨帕洛诺司琼预防化疗引起的急性和迟发性恶心、呕吐的疗效和不良反应.[方法]采用多中心、随机、双肓、自身交叉对照的研究方法.试验药为帕洛诺司琼(B 药),对照药为托烷司琼(A 药),对顺铂或蒽环类药物为基础的方案化疗后用药后1~5 d 内的恶心、呕吐程度、止吐疗效以及不良反应进行评价.[结果]预防中度和高度致吐性化疗 A 药急性呕吐完全控制率50.00%,B 药53.78%,两组间比较差异无统计学意义( P = 0.5701).预防中度和高度致吐性化疗 A 药延迟性呕吐完全控制率35.83%,B 药49.58%,两药间比较差异有统计学意义( P = 0.0410),使用 B 药完全控制率高于 A 药.不良反应症状主要为头痛、便秘等.[结论]帕洛诺司琼预防中重度致吐性化疗所引起的急性和迟发性呕吐疗效显著,安全性高.“,”Objective]To explore the efficacy and side effect of palonosetron for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy .[Methods] A multicenter ,randomized ,double‐blind and self‐crossover controlled method was used .The experiment drug was palonosetron(drug B) and con‐trol drug was tropisetron(drug A) .Nausea ,vomiting ,antiemesis efficacy and side effect 1 ~ 5 days after cispl‐atin or adriamycin‐based chemotherapy were evaluated .[Results] The complete control rate of acute vomiting in the groups of drug A and drug B for the prevention of moderate and highly emetogenic chemotherapy were 50 .00% and 53 .78% respectively ,but there was no significant difference between two groups ( P = 0 .5701) . The complete control rate of delayed vomiting in the groups of drug A and drug B for the prevention of moder ‐ate and highly emetogenic chemotherapy were 35 .83% and 49 .58% respectively ,and there was significant difference between two groups ( P = 0 .0410) .The control rate of drug B was higher than that of drug A .The main adverse reactions were headache and constipation ,etc .[Conclusion] Palonosetron for the prevention of acute and delayed vomiting induced by moderate and severe emetogenic chemotherapy has significant efficacy and high safety .