Little于1862年首先发现围生期疾病与其后神经系统功能紊乱、大脑损害之间的关系,并认为这种神经系统功能紊乱和大脑损害是由产伤引起的。1940年Stewart Clifford发现,因胎盘早剥行剖宫产后死亡的新生儿有脑水肿和大脑坏死。这些新生儿均无产伤,在血气分析和酸碱失调的基础上,确认窒息是中枢神经系统损伤的病因之一.新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(NHIE),系指足月围生期窒息婴儿发生的临床和神经病理学表现.本文的目的是复习NHIE在新生儿期的神经综合征和以后的 Little first discovered in 1862 the relationship between perinatal disease and subsequent neurological disorders, brain damage, and that such nervous system disorders and brain damage are caused by birth trauma. In 1940, Stewart Clifford found that neonates who died of cesarean section due to placental abruption had cerebral edema and brain necrosis. None of these newborns have any birth trauma and, on the basis of blood gas analysis and acid-base disorders, confirm that asphyxia is one of the causes of central nervous system injury.Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) is defined as full-term perinatal asphyxia The clinical and neuropathological manifestations of infancy occur.The purpose of this paper is to review the neurological syndromes of NHIE in the neonatal period and beyond