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目的了解美国、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大和新西兰5个发达国家对入境人员结核病的筛查策略以及在上海口岸的应用情况。方法查找文献对5个国家的结核病防治策略进行比较分析,同时收集2014年上海口岸赴5个国家的出境人员中疑似肺结核患者的痰细菌学检查报告,比较痰检阳性率。结果美国、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大和新西兰5个国家的结核病筛查策略原则相同,都是将筛查前置至入境前,制定详细的技术指导,由授权的健康评估机构和医生严格执行。通过比较2014年肺结核筛查情况,美国的痰细菌学检查标准高,阳性率也最低。英国痰细菌学检查标准较松,阳性率最高。结论美国的技术指导最严格,操作性也最强,可以为制定我国口岸的结核病筛查标准提供建议和指导。
Objective To understand the screening strategies for TB in immigrants in five developed countries in the United States, Britain, Australia, Canada and New Zealand and the application in Shanghai. Methods To find out the comparative analysis of tuberculosis prevention and control strategies in five countries and to collect the sputum bacteriological examination reports of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis among outbound personnel who went to five countries in Shanghai in 2014 and to compare the positive sputum examination rates. Results The tuberculosis screening strategies of the five countries in the United States, Britain, Australia, Canada and New Zealand are the same. Before the entry of screening, detailed technical guidance should be established and strictly implemented by authorized health assessment agencies and doctors. By comparing the 2014 tuberculosis screening, the standard sputum bacteriological examination in the United States is high with the lowest positive rate. British sputum bacteriological examination criteria loose, the highest positive rate. Conclusion The United States has the strictest technical guidance and the strongest operability. It can provide suggestions and guidance for the development of screening standards for TB in China’s ports.