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2009年3月,日本文部科学省颁布了最新的一揽子《学习指导要领》。高中地理学科《要领》作为“地历科”的有机组成部分,分为地理A和地理B两部分。[注:1989年,日本政府解体原有高中的社会科课程,将高中社会科设为“地理历史科”和“公民科”两个科目。其中前者又分为日本史A、日本史B、世界史A、世界史B、地理A、地理B,共6个学分(A是2学分,B是3学分),其中世界史必修2个学分,其他由学生任选]简单说,地理A着眼学生身边的地理现象,以当代世界为中心选择学习内容;地理B虽然也以当代世界为中心,但学习视角更大、学习内容更为系统。新的“地历科”更加强调现实感和学力基础。为此,新的地理学科《要领》也给人三个突出的印象:强化学生的地理技能和认识;提升学生的文化素养;强调培养爱国心。其中还有一个特点也值得关注,就是无论是地理A或地理B,学习内容都较现行的更为整合,以便提高学习效益。
In March 2009, Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology promulgated the latest package of “Learning Guidelines.” High school geography “essentials” as “to calendar divisions ” an organic part, divided into geographic A and geographic B two parts. [Note: In 1989, the Japanese government dismantled the original high school social science curriculum and set the high school social science department as two subjects: “Geography and History” and “Citizenship”. The former is divided into Japanese History A, Japanese History B, World History A, World History B, Geography A, and Geography B. There are 6 credits (A is 2 credits, B is 3 credits), of which 2 credits , Others are optional] In simple terms, Geography A focuses on the geographical phenomena around the students and selects the learning content centered on the contemporary world. Geography B, though also centered on the contemporary world, has a larger learning perspective and more systematic learning content. New “calendar divisions ” more emphasis on the sense of reality and academic foundation. To this end, the new geography discipline “essentials” also gives three outstanding impressions: to strengthen students ’geographical skills and understanding; to enhance students’ cultural accomplishments; and to emphasize cultivating patriotism. One of the features that deserves our attention is that both the geography A and the geography B are more integrated with the current ones in order to enhance the learning efficiency.