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目的分析广宁县2006—2011年狂犬病流行情况,为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对广宁县2006—2011年报告的狂犬病资料进行统计分析。结果广宁县2006—2011年共报告狂犬病34例,死亡34例,病死亡率为100%。每年均有病例报告,年平均发病率为1.31/10万。34例病例均分布在农村,性别比为2.78∶1;发病年龄以50～59岁为主,占35.29%;其次为40～49岁和60～69岁,各占20.59%。职业分布以农民为主,占91.18%;其次为学生,占5.88%。发病时间以4—6月最多,共18例,占总发病人数的52.94%。83.25%的病例被犬只抓、咬伤或接触犬只感染病毒。58.82%的病例暴露后伤口未作处理或未及时正确处理。91.18%的病例未接种人用狂犬病疫苗。结论犬伤后患者的伤口未及时作规范处理、未接种人用狂犬病疫苗或同时使用抗狂犬病免疫球蛋白是广宁县狂犬病发病的主要原因。加强狂犬病预防知识特别是暴露处理知识的宣传,提高群众预防意识,是防制狂犬病的有效措施。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of rabies in Guangning County from 2006 to 2011 and provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the rabies data reported by Guangning County from 2006 to 2011. Results A total of 34 rabies cases were reported in Guangning County from 2006 to 2011, with 34 deaths. The mortality rate was 100%. Each year there are case reports, the average annual incidence of 1.31 / 100,000. The 34 cases were all distributed in rural areas with a sex ratio of 2.78:1. The age of onset was mainly from 50 to 59 years old, accounting for 35.29%, followed by 40 to 49 years old and 60 to 69 years old, accounting for 20.59% of all cases. Occupation distribution mainly farmers, accounting for 91.18%; followed by students, accounting for 5.88%. The onset time in April-June up, a total of 18 cases, accounting for 52.94% of the total number of cases. 83.25% of the cases were caught by dogs, bites or dogs exposed to the virus. 58.82% of the cases were exposed wounds without treatment or not properly treated in time. 91.18% of cases were not vaccinated against human rabies vaccine. Conclusion The wounds of dogs after canine injury are not regulated in time. The rabies vaccination without vaccination or the simultaneous use of anti-rabies immunoglobulin are the main causes of rabies in Guangning County. It is an effective measure to prevent rabies by strengthening propaganda of rabies prevention knowledge, especially exposure treatment knowledge, and raising public awareness of prevention.