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[目的]了解上海市成年人膳食中镉暴露的基础数据,评估上海市成年人膳食镉暴露风险。[方法]对上海市16类1 680件市售食品中镉含量进行分层随机抽样监测,对上海市1 368名成年人膳食摄入量多阶段随机抽样调查,应用世界卫生组织推荐的食品中化学污染物膳食暴露点评估方法,对上海市成年居民膳食中镉暴露水平进行评估。[结果]上海市成年人平均每周膳食中镉暴露量为0.149 4 mg/人,占暂定每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)的34.56%。上海市成年人每周膳食中镉暴露量中位数为0.032 4 mg/人,占PTWI的7.50%。上海市成年人每周膳食中镉暴露量(膳食摄入量P90、极端P90)分别为0.287 9 mg/人和0.937 2 mg/人,分别占PTWI的66.59%和216.80%。[结论]上海市成年人膳食中镉暴露水平正常情况下低于PTWI,但仍有进一步降低必要。
[Objective] To understand the basic data of cadmium exposure in adults in Shanghai and evaluate the dietary exposure to cadmium in adults in Shanghai. [Method] The cadmium content of 1 680 commercial products in 16 kinds of 16 categories in Shanghai was stratified and stratified by random sampling and monitoring. A total of 1 368 adults in Shanghai were randomized to take multi-stage random sampling of food intake. Among the foods recommended by the World Health Organization Assessment of dietary exposure to chemical contaminants to assess dietary exposure to cadmium in adults in Shanghai. [Results] The average weekly exposure to cadmium in adults in Shanghai was 0.149 4 mg / person, accounting for 34.56% of the tentative weekly tolerable intake (PTWI). The median weekly exposure to cadmium in adults in Shanghai was 0.032 4 mg / person, accounting for 7.50% of PTWI. The weekly dietary exposure to cadmium (dietary intake P90, extreme P90) of adults in Shanghai was 0.287 9 mg / person and 0.937 2 mg / person respectively, accounting for 66.59% and 216.80% of PTWI respectively. [Conclusion] The level of cadmium exposure of adults in Shanghai is lower than that of PTWI under normal conditions, but there is still a need for further reduction.