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一与苏联、东欧形势相关联,社会民主主义问题,现在似乎受到特别重视。然而,说起“社会民主主义”这个用语,却是不好理解的。因为这个用语迄今在不同的时期里,一直在正相反的意义上被使用着。自称“社会民主主义”的党派在德国、法国初次出现是在1848—1849年的欧洲各国民主革命的高潮期。当时,马克思对这些党派在小资产阶级改良主义的意义上进行了批判。经过革命失败后暂时的空白时期,工人运动又复兴起来。但这时,这个用语又带有“革命”的意义使用起来。第二国际中最强有力的政党,在1981年作为历史上头一个拥
The issue of social democracy linked to the situation in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe seems to have drawn special attention now. However, it is hard to understand the term “social democracy.” Because this term has so far been used in the opposite sense in different periods. Self-proclaimed “Social Democrats” Parties In Germany, France first appeared in the climax of the democratic revolution in all European countries of 1848-1849. At that time, Marx criticized these parties in the sense of petty bourgeois reformism. After a temporary blank period after the failure of the revolution, the workers’ movement revived again. But at this moment, the term is used again with the meaning of “revolution”. The strongest political party in the Second International was the first in history in 1981