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世界甘蔗育种存在两个根本性难关,传统的″高贵化理论″已难以取得突破性进展。笔者等经25年探索,试创″异质复合分离理论″,用世界著名高贵品种POJ3016作母本,与云南野生割手密种(S.spontaneum)远缘杂交,创造出杂种F193/2418新种质,其一是12上旬最好水平的含糖份16.29%,重力纯度94.02%.纤维份13.21%,表现高糖性状超亲优势(Heterobeltiosis),突破割手密杂种F1必然低糖的遗传规律;其二是染色体2n=80,热带种与割手密种染色体比例为n+n=1.5∶1—1∶1,保持了较多的割手密种染色体而表现野生优良性状,突破必须多代回交(F4,F5)使染色体比例为6∶1—9∶1才能获得高糖性状,但又严重丧失野生优良性状的遗传基础。为实现在回交低代(F2,F3)选育高产高糖,广适兼抗的突破性新品种,从理论,方法与种质的创新找到一个突破点。
There are two fundamental crises in world sugar cane breeding. The traditional “noble theory” has made it hard to make breakthrough progress. After 25 years of exploring and experimenting with the theory of heterogeneous compound separation, the author used the world-famous noble variety POJ3016 as the female parent to cross with the wild S.spontaneum in Yunnan to create a new hybrid F193 / 2418 Germplasm, one of the best in early 12 sugar content of 16.29%, the gravity purity of 94.02%. Fiber 13.21%, showing high sugar trait Heterobeltiosis, crosses the genetic law of the low sugar content of F1 hybrid F1; the other is chromosome 2n = 80, the proportion of tropical and cut mute chromosomes is n + n = 1.5: 1 to 1: 1, keeping more chromosomes of M. officinalis and exhibiting good wild traits. The breakthrough must be repeated for many generations (F4, F5) to obtain a chromosome ratio of 6: 1 to 9: 1 High sugar traits, but severely lost the genetic basis of good wild traits. In order to achieve a breakthrough in the breeding of high-yielding high-sugar, wide-range and high-resistance in the low backcross (F2, F3), a breakthrough point was found out from the innovation of theory, method and germplasm.