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1 研究表位生物学的必要性 蛋白质抗原不是通过它的完整分子来发挥功能的。它的特异性是通过其表位来体现的。一个蛋白质抗原,它不但含有B细胞、Th细胞、CTL细胞、NK细胞表位等与免疫识别密切相关的结构,同时还含有一些对于保护性免疫不利的结构。如:毒性或抑制性表位、优势非中和性表位、病理及自身抗原交义反应性表位等。人们还认识到同一分子的众多表位中,各表位对抗原性的贡献不同:有优势表位和非优势表位之分。此外,表位间的相对位置、构象特征、表位侧翼顺序等也与表位功能的表达密切相关。而表位的功能表达还取决于MHC限制位(agreotope)、组织位(histotope)……等相关结构。许多研究发现,天然蛋白抗原在引发免疫反应时,不能满足清除病原体的需要。究其原因,一是因为隐匿的保护性表位功能未能表达,因而所引发的保护性免疫不够强大。
Necessity of studying the biology of epitopes Protein antigens do not function through their intact molecules. Its specificity is reflected by its epitopes. A protein antigen, it not only contains B cells, Th cells, CTL cells, NK cell epitopes and immune recognition closely related to the structure, but also contains some negative for protective immunity structure. Such as: toxic or inhibitory epitopes, dominant non-neutralizing epitopes, pathologies and autoantigen anti-sense epitopes. It is also recognized that among the many epitopes of the same molecule, each epitope contributes differently to antigenicity: there is a distinction between a dominant epitope and a non-dominant epitope. In addition, the relative position of epitopes, conformational features, epitope flanking sequence and so on are also closely related to the expression of epitope function. The functional expression of the epitope also depends on the MHC restriction (agreotope), histology (histotope) ...... and other related structures. Many studies have found that natural protein antigens can not meet the need to clear pathogens when initiating an immune response. The reason, first, because the hidden protective epitope function failed to express, and thus caused by protective immunity is not strong enough.