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研究运用分层随机抽样法,在常州市武进区开展农户问卷调查,并利用统计软件对问卷信息进行整理和分析,得到主要结论如下:①太湖流域稻麦轮作系统稻季平均施氮量为310.91 kg.hm-2,麦季平均施氮量为202.18 kg.hm-2,一年两季作物平均施氮量为513.09 kg.hm-2,氮肥过量施用现象主要存在于稻季;②施氮肥对水稻和冬小麦都具有较好的增产作用,但是当施氮量达到一定值后,水稻和冬小麦的产量、氮素累积量、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥吸收利用率都出现下降的趋势;③太湖流域稻麦轮作系统土地氮剩余量和面源氮排放量随着施氮量的增加而持续增加,在目前的氮肥施入水平下一年两季作物的氮素流失量约为41.26 kg.hm-2。
The research uses the stratified random sampling method to carry out household survey in Wujin District of Changzhou City, and uses the statistical software to organize and analyze the questionnaire information. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The average nitrogen application rate in rice-wheat rotation system in Taihu Lake Basin is 310.91 kg.hm-2, the average nitrogen application rate was 202.18 kg.hm-2, the average nitrogen application rate was 513.09 kg.hm-2 in two seasons, and the excessive nitrogen application existed mainly in the rice season; However, when the amount of nitrogen application reached a certain value, the yield, N accumulation, N use efficiency and N use efficiency of rice and winter wheat tended to decrease. ③Taihu In the paddy and rice crop rotation system, the nitrogen and surface nitrogen emissions of land continued to increase with the increase of N application rate. Under the current N application rate, the nitrogen loss of crop in the next two seasons was about 41.26 kg.hm -2.