根据作者近几年的实践，在解决缓倾斜中硬厚煤层、“三软”不稳定厚煤层及倾斜厚煤层放顶煤综采实现高产高效关键技术的基础上，提出适应这三种具体条件的采煤工艺模式。即阳泉模式、米村模式和乌兰模式。实践证明，本文所扼要介绍的平行作业、端面顶煤控制、防倒防滑等措施都是行之有效的。此外，还对回采率、防灭火、瓦斯煤尘治理进行了分析，并提出了一些新的认识，希望有助于解决放顶煤开采安全技术和资源回收问题。 According to the author’s practice in recent years, on the basis of solving key technologies of realizing high productivity and high yield in fully mechanized top coal caving of gently inclined moderate-thick seam, “three-soft” unstable thick seam and inclined thick seam, it is proposed to adapt to these three specific conditions Coal mining process model. Yangquan mode, rice village mode and Ulan mode. Practice has proved that this article briefly describes the parallel operation, top coal control, anti-slip and other measures are effective. In addition, the recovery rate, fire prevention and extinguishment, gas and coal dust control were analyzed and some new ideas were put forward, hoping to help solve the safety of caving mining technology and resource recovery issues.