为了改变英国国有铁路(BR)经营成本高、效率低、亏损产重和需要政府大量补贴的状况,英国议会于1993年通过了对铁路行业实行公司化及私有化改革的提案。改革秉承了欧共体所推行的欧洲铁路方针,即:分离基础设施与运营;对运营部门乃至基础设施实行私有化;向第三者开放路网以改善铁路的活力和竞争机制。 In order to change the high operating costs, inefficiencies, heavy losses and massive government subsidies required by the British state-owned railways (BR), the British Parliament passed a proposal on the corporatization and privatization reforms of the railway industry in 1993. The reform upholds the EC’s European railway policy: separation of infrastructure and operations; privatization of operating divisions and even infrastructure; and opening of roads to third parties to improve the viability and competition mechanism of the railways.