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以超级稻品种南粳44作为试验材料,设置带土直立苗、带土倾斜苗、带土平躺苗、无土平躺苗、无土手栽苗等不同苗姿,研究抛秧立苗及其对水稻光合特性和物质生产的影响。结果表明,1)立苗速度表现为带土倾斜苗>带土平躺苗>无土平躺苗;2)无土平躺苗立苗期叶面积一直下降,其他苗姿秧苗均上升。无土平躺苗、无土手栽苗黄叶比率分别在抛后8d、6d达到最大后开始下降,而带土秧苗均在第2天达到最大后下降,其黄叶比率显著小于无土秧苗。3)立苗期除无土平躺苗栽后2～4d地上干物质量下降外,其他苗姿秧苗栽后都上升,总体增速表现为带土直立苗>带土倾斜苗>带土平躺苗>无土手栽苗>无土平躺苗,立苗期各苗姿秧苗干物质积累量、光合势、净同化率均呈现此趋势;4)水稻各生育时期茎蘖数、群体叶面积指数、有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率、粒叶比、群体光合势、净同化率、阶段物质积累量和群体生长速率均表现为带土直立苗>带土倾斜苗、无土手栽苗>带土平躺苗>无土平躺苗,抽穗期和齐穗后20d剑叶的光合速率亦呈此趋势。带土秧苗活棵立苗比无土秧苗快,直立苗、倾斜苗比平躺苗快,且各生育期的群体生长均具优势。因此,带土秧苗抛栽并提高直立苗比率,能保持较好的光合特性和较高的物质生产能力,利于水稻生长和高产的形成。
Taking super japonica rice variety Nanjing 44 as test material, the seedlings with throwing soil and standing seedlings with soil tilting seedlings, soil lying flat seedlings, soilless planted seedlings and soilless planted seedlings were set up to study the effects of seedling throwing seedlings and their Effects on photosynthetic characteristics and material production of rice. The results showed that: 1) The stand speed showed that the tillering seedling> soil with flattening seedling> soilless laying seedling; 2) the leaf area at the seedling stage without seedling lay-down decreased, while the seedlings in other seedlings rose. The proportion of yellow leaves in soilless planted seedlings and soilless planted seedlings dropped to the maximum at 8d and 6d, respectively, and then decreased with the increase of soil seedlings on the second day. The ratio of yellow leaves was significantly lower than that of soilless seedlings. 3) After the seedling stage, the dry weight of the ground on 2-4 days after seedling planted without soil decreased, the other seedlings of Miaozi rose after they were planted, and the overall growth rate was as follows: Seedlings> soilless seedlings> soilless flat-lying seedlings, seedling seedlings in each seedling posture dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic potential, net assimilation rate showed this trend; 4) rice during each growth period tiller number, leaf area index , Effective leaf area ratio, high effective leaf area ratio, grain-leaf ratio, population photosynthetic potential, net assimilation rate, stage material accumulation, and population growth rate all showed as: Soil planted seedling> soilless planted seedlings, heading and heading 20d after heading photosynthetic rate also showed this trend. Soil seedlings with soil seedlings stand faster than soilless seedlings, upright seedlings, tilting seedlings faster than the flat seedlings, and the growth of each group are dominant. Therefore, throwing soil seedlings with seedlings and raising the ratio of standing seedlings, can maintain good photosynthetic characteristics and higher material productivity, conducive to the formation of rice growth and high yield.