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为了探讨喷施硅肥对烤烟生长发育的作用效果,在陕南旬阳县以品种K326为材料开展了喷施硅肥试验研究。结果表明:在团棵期和现蕾期或团棵期和打顶后2 d喷施浓度为1.5 kg/hm2或3 kg/hm2的硅肥,均能不同程度提高烤烟圆顶期净光合速率、水分利用效率和气孔导度,同时降低蒸腾速率,增加叶绿素含量,提高烟叶氮钾含量,进而提升均价、产量、产值及中上等烟比例。在相同的喷施浓度下,团棵期和打顶后2 d喷施硅肥作用效果优于团棵期和现蕾期喷施;在相同喷施时期下,喷施浓度3 kg/hm2作用效果优于喷施浓度1.5 kg/hm2。其中,以团棵期和打顶后2 d喷施硅肥浓度为3 kg/hm2(D2)处理效果最好,能有效提升烤烟光合作用,改善氮钾营养,促进烤烟生长发育,提高经济效益,从而为陕南烟区硅肥施用提供参考。
In order to investigate the effects of spraying silicon fertilizer on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, the fertilization experiment of silicon fertilizer was carried out in Kanyang County of Southern Shaanxi Province with K326 as the material. The results showed that applying silicon fertilizer with the concentration of 1.5 kg / hm2 or 3 kg / hm2 at the boll stage and the budding stage or the boll stage and the 2 d after the popping stage all increased the net photosynthetic rate , Water use efficiency and stomatal conductance, while reducing transpiration rate, increasing chlorophyll content, increasing nitrogen and potassium content of tobacco leaves, and then increasing the average price, output, output value and the proportion of middle and upper tobacco. Under the same spraying concentration, the effect of spraying silicon fertilizer in the flowering stage and 2 days after topping was better than that in the flowering stage and the flowering stage. Under the same spraying period, the spraying concentration of 3 kg / hm2 The effect is better than spraying concentration 1.5 kg / hm2. Among them, treatment with 3 kg / hm2 silicon fertilizer at the silique stage and 2 days after topping was the best, which could effectively improve photosynthesis, improve nitrogen and potassium nutrition, promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and increase economic benefits , So as to provide a reference for the application of silicon fertilizer in southern Shaanxi tobacco area.