论文部分内容阅读
                            
                            
                                
                          初中阶段的英语阅读教学是发展学生语言运用能力的过程,也是培养学生审辩式思维的有效途径。审辩式思维的培养能够帮助学生独立、辩证地看待阅读文本,提升学生善于思考的思维能力。而当前的英语阅读教学中存在以教师讲解代替学生阅读、以字词句为基本教学单位、以表面信息代替深度理解、以语言教学为中心、以策略和技能训练为重点等问题。这些现象使得阅读教学在“知识技能”的层面徘徊,而忽略了对学生高阶思维的培养。如何在英语阅读教学中培养学生审辩式思维是当下教师值得关注的问题。
1. 通过开放性问题,拓展思维深度与广度
为了在阅读中培养学生的审辩式思维意识与能力,必须设置一定量的开放性问题。开放性问题的设计能够引导学生把握思维的方向,拓展思维的广度,增加思维的深度,激发学生的审辩式思维。如在执教牛津译林版八下《Unit 4 A good read Period 2 Reading》时,可设计:If you were Gulliver, how would you feel and what would you do? If you saw such a small man, what would you say to him? If you were the tiny men, what would you talk about? Could Gulliver run away at last? 学生可以摆脱文本的束缚尽情展开想象,进行合理的想象、质疑与批判,形成个性化的表达见解。再如在执教牛津译林版初中英语《9B Unit 4 Moving to Mars》时,为了使得学生深度理解文中的几个关键点,如Journey to Mars、Food on Mars、Gravity on Mars Houses and schools on Mars,设计What would food on Mars be like? Why would gravity be a problem? What would happen because of the low gravity? Where might people live on Mars? What would schools be like on Mars? 一系列的开放性问题需要学生运用已有知识进行思考,促使其进行审辩式的思考。
2. 通过层层递进追问,激发“双向质疑”的能力
层层递进地追问是培养学生审辩式思维的重要途径。这种策略一般用于读中环节,可以引导学生由浅入深理解文本,逐步把握文章结构和细节信息,增强文本理解的深度。英语教师应通过追问,有意识地将学生思维引向深入。当学生回答粗浅时、含糊时、矛盾时便可进行适时有效追问。答案并不是预设固定的,而是具有思考想象空间的。通过师生、生生之间交流互动、探讨、想象,进而激发师生“双向质疑”的能力,深层次激發想象力,帮助学生跳出浅层信息理解的局限,激活学生思维,在思维深度挖掘中养成审辩式思维,提升阅读力。
例如在执教《Unit 4 Growing up Reading “The Shortest Player in the NBA”》时,为了培养学生审辩式思维,我根据每段内容设计了问题链和讨论话题,一环扣一环、一层进一层,逐步提升学生思维的深刻度。Q1:How did Spud Webb become a great NBA player? 让学生了解Spud Webb的生平和如何成为NBA运动员的,还设计讨论性的问题:How do you understand the "big" dream? Can you think of other words to replace (替换) the word "big"? 引导学生感受主人公虽然身材矮小但是目标远大。Q2:How did Spud make such a difference? 让学生思考Spud Webb由失败到成功转变的原因,并设计讨论性的问题:Some people thought Spud Webb was lucky because the chance was waiting for him. Do you agree with it?
                        1. 通过开放性问题,拓展思维深度与广度
为了在阅读中培养学生的审辩式思维意识与能力,必须设置一定量的开放性问题。开放性问题的设计能够引导学生把握思维的方向,拓展思维的广度,增加思维的深度,激发学生的审辩式思维。如在执教牛津译林版八下《Unit 4 A good read Period 2 Reading》时,可设计:If you were Gulliver, how would you feel and what would you do? If you saw such a small man, what would you say to him? If you were the tiny men, what would you talk about? Could Gulliver run away at last? 学生可以摆脱文本的束缚尽情展开想象,进行合理的想象、质疑与批判,形成个性化的表达见解。再如在执教牛津译林版初中英语《9B Unit 4 Moving to Mars》时,为了使得学生深度理解文中的几个关键点,如Journey to Mars、Food on Mars、Gravity on Mars Houses and schools on Mars,设计What would food on Mars be like? Why would gravity be a problem? What would happen because of the low gravity? Where might people live on Mars? What would schools be like on Mars? 一系列的开放性问题需要学生运用已有知识进行思考,促使其进行审辩式的思考。
2. 通过层层递进追问,激发“双向质疑”的能力
层层递进地追问是培养学生审辩式思维的重要途径。这种策略一般用于读中环节,可以引导学生由浅入深理解文本,逐步把握文章结构和细节信息,增强文本理解的深度。英语教师应通过追问,有意识地将学生思维引向深入。当学生回答粗浅时、含糊时、矛盾时便可进行适时有效追问。答案并不是预设固定的,而是具有思考想象空间的。通过师生、生生之间交流互动、探讨、想象,进而激发师生“双向质疑”的能力,深层次激發想象力,帮助学生跳出浅层信息理解的局限,激活学生思维,在思维深度挖掘中养成审辩式思维,提升阅读力。
例如在执教《Unit 4 Growing up Reading “The Shortest Player in the NBA”》时,为了培养学生审辩式思维,我根据每段内容设计了问题链和讨论话题,一环扣一环、一层进一层,逐步提升学生思维的深刻度。Q1:How did Spud Webb become a great NBA player? 让学生了解Spud Webb的生平和如何成为NBA运动员的,还设计讨论性的问题:How do you understand the "big" dream? Can you think of other words to replace (替换) the word "big"? 引导学生感受主人公虽然身材矮小但是目标远大。Q2:How did Spud make such a difference? 让学生思考Spud Webb由失败到成功转变的原因,并设计讨论性的问题:Some people thought Spud Webb was lucky because the chance was waiting for him. Do you agree with it?