生态学(Ecology)是一门研究生物与其环境之间相互关系的学科,自确立至今已有一百多年的历史。虽然迄今为止,生态学的基础和立足点仍主要是生物学的,但其研究对象和含意却远远超过了生物学的范畴,已发展成一门把自然科学和社会科学溶而为一的学科,它的很多观点与研究方法亦早已渗透到其他学科和人们的日常生活之中,成为一门影响力较大的学科。随着世界越来越受到人口、资源、能源、粮食和环境问题的困扰,人类也越来越认识到生态学的重要意义,以及“生态” Ecology is a discipline that studies the relationship between organisms and their environment. Since its establishment, it has been more than 100 years old. Although so far, the basis and standpoint of ecology is still mainly biological, its research objects and implications far exceed the scope of biology, and it has developed into a discipline that integrates natural science and social science. Many of its viewpoints and research methods have already penetrated into other disciplines and people’s daily lives, and have become a more influential discipline. As the world is increasingly plagued by problems of population, resources, energy, food, and the environment, humanity is also increasingly aware of the importance of ecology and “ecology”.