所谓变态反应是指机体受某种抗原物质刺激后所引起的体液或细胞免疫超过正常生理范围而造成的组织损伤或生理功能紊乱。这种免疫反应性增高的异常反应又称为超敏感反应。引起此反应的抗原物质称变应原(或过敏原),其种类颇多,可为完全抗原如异种血清、异体组织细胞、病原生物、植物花粉、兽类皮毛等;也可是半抗原如青霉素、磺胺、奎宁、染料、生漆等。此反应从本质而言,也是机体为清除抗原异物的一种免疫反应,但与正常免疫反应不同点就在于反应的结果往往造成对机体的损害,故可视其为机体特异性免疫反应的 The so-called allergic reaction is caused by the body after stimulation by an antigen-induced body fluids or cellular immunity than the normal physiological range caused by tissue damage or physiological dysfunction. This abnormal response of increased immune response, also known as hypersensitivity reaction. The allergen (or allergen) that causes this reaction is quite numerous and can be a complete antigen such as xenogeneic blood cells, allogeneic cells, pathogens, plant pollen, mammalian fur, etc., but also haptens such as penicillin , Sulfonamides, quinine, dyes, raw lacquer and so on. In essence, this reaction is also an immune response of the body to clear the foreign body of the antigen, but the difference from the normal immune reaction is that the result of the reaction often causes damage to the body, so it can be regarded as a body-specific immune response