论文部分内容阅读
为丰富北方寒地牧草品种,选育适合北方寒冷地区种植的优势牧草,以八倍体小偃麦(Trititrigia)与中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium)杂交后代选育的10份寒地多年生麦草新种质为材料,借助我国东北哈尔滨地区的气候特点,对其进行形态学分析和细胞学鉴定。结果表明:10份材料田间自然生长年限超过3a,均具有抗寒性和多年生特性,可在哈尔滨地区-30℃环境下安全过冬;根系发达,除2个株系8LF2 1-1-4和11LF3 1-1-4外,其他株系具有地下茎。植株生长繁茂,有5个株系总分孽数超过40,2个株系穗长超过24cm。株系11LF3 1-1-4和11LF4 1-18-1结实率平均值在80%以上,远高于亲本中间偃麦草;10份材料种子发芽率在60%~90%;株系5Q10L1-18-1茎秆干重可达1.7kg·m~(-2)。10个株系根尖体细胞染色体为42条,遗传稳定,植株均表现抗旱、抗寒,抗病等特性。本研究可为北方寒地的牧草选育提供理论和材料基础。
In order to enrich the forage species of northern China, select the dominant forage suitable for planting in the northern cold region, and select 10 new perennial species of wheat in the cold region, which were bred from the cross between Trititrigia and Thinopyrum intermedium As the material, with the help of the climatic characteristics of Harbin in northeastern China, morphological analysis and cytological identification were conducted. The results showed that the natural growth period of 10 materials was more than 3 years in the field, both of them had cold resistance and perennial characteristics, and could survive the winter in the environment of -30 ℃ in Harbin. The root system was developed except 2 lines of 8LF2 1-1-4 and 11LF3 1-1-4, other strains have underground stems. Plant growth and luxuriantly, there are 5 strains of total number of divisions over 40,2 spike length of more than 24cm. The average seed setting rate of 11LF3 1-1-4 and 11LF4 1-18-1 was more than 80%, which was much higher than that of the parent Agropyron chinense. The germination percentage of 10 material seeds ranged from 60% to 90%. Lines 5Q10L1-18 The dry weight of stalks can reach 1.7kg · m -2. The chromosomes of 10 root apical somatic cells were 42, which were genetically stable. All the plants showed drought resistance, cold resistance and disease resistance. This study can provide the theoretical and material basis for forages breeding in the northern cold areas.