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在现代中心主义的视角下,神灵信仰往往被视为事实探知、尤其是案件侦破过程中事实探知的障碍。然而,在古代司法实践的“用谲”中,却不难发现其对于发现事实真相、正确认定因果关系的积极意义。本文以《折狱龟鉴》中“摸钟辨盗”的故事为例,运用博弈模型进行简要的数量关系推演,分析故事蕴涵的信息自我披露原理,揭示神灵信仰基于激励兼容约束的满足而对信息自我披露机制有效运转的构成性作用,以及神灵信仰对于古代社会刑罚安排严厉程度的影响。在此基础上,作者对该机制的适用边界、前景去向给出一个唯物论解释,以期为通过社会科学的角度更全面细致地考察中国古代司法运作的真实面相提供一种可能。
From the perspective of modern-centrism, the belief in gods is often regarded as the obstacle to the factual discovery, especially the fact-finding in case detection. However, it is not difficult to find the positive meaning of causality in discovering the truth and correctly establishing the causal relationship in ancient judicial practice. This paper uses the game model to make a brief deduction of the relationship between quantity and quantity, and analyzes the principle of self-disclosure of information implied by the story to reveal that the belief of God is satisfied based on the incentive compatibility constraint The constitutional function of the effective operation of information self-disclosure mechanism and the influence of deity belief on the severity of the penal arrangements in ancient society. On this basis, the author gives a materialist explanation of the applicable boundary and future direction of this mechanism, with a view to providing a possibility for a more thorough and detailed examination of the true facet of judicial operation in ancient China through the perspective of social sciences.