一、公共领域和私人领域古希腊城邦的民主政治曾是西方资产阶级民主政治的榜样,但它并不是全体人民的民主,因为广大奴隶阶级是被排斥在社会生活的公共领域之外的。同样,十八-十九世纪的西方资产阶级公共领域也是把广大劳动阶级排斥在外的。哈贝马斯在《公共领域的结构转型》一书中,向我们展示了西方资产阶级公共领域演变的历史,他指出资产阶级公共领域是从文学公共领域转向政治公共领域 I. THE PUBLIC DOMAIN AND PRIVATE DOMINANCE The democratic politics of ancient Greek city-states was once the example of Western bourgeois democratic politics, but it was not the democracy of all people because the vast majority of the slave classes were excluded from the public sphere of social life. Likewise, the Western bourgeois public sphere of the 18th to XIX centuries excluded the vast working class as well. Habermas, in “The Structural Transformation in the Public Domain,” shows us the history of the evolution of the public sphere in the Western bourgeoisie. He points out that the bourgeois public sphere shifts from the public sphere of literature to the political and public sphere