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目的探讨生命早期n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,n-3 PUFAs)营养状态对成年期脑神经元发生及凋亡的影响。方法使用20只3-4 w龄清洁级C57BL/6J雌性小鼠,随机分为两组(10只/组),分别给予n-3 PUFAs缺乏和n-3 PUFAs饲料喂养;12-14 w龄时与雄性小鼠合笼交配繁殖。仔鼠生后21 d断乳时,随机挑选20只n-3 PUFAs缺乏组仔鼠用n-3 PUFAs饲料喂养,挑选等量n-3 PUFAs饲料组仔鼠用n-3 PUFAs缺乏饲料喂养,剩余仔鼠用与母鼠相同饲料继续喂养,至仔鼠3月龄时结束实验。小鼠麻醉处死后取全脑组织,采用脂肪酸甲酯化-气相色谱分析对脑脂肪酸进行测定;采用免疫组织化学技术对海马CA3区B淋巴细胞瘤-2蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax)和钙视网膜结合蛋白(Calretinin,CR)表达进行分析。结果与n-3 PUFAs缺乏饲料持续喂养的仔鼠相比,孕期和哺乳期n-3 PUFAs缺乏而断乳后给予n-3 PUFAs饲料喂养的仔鼠,成年后脑组织n-3 PUFAs含量明显升高(P<0.05),但Bcl-2、Bax和CR的表达量均未发生显著性变化,仍然低于n-3 PUFAs饲料持续喂养仔鼠的水平。孕期和哺乳期n-3 PUFAs饲料喂养而断乳后给予n-3 PUFAs缺乏饲料喂养的仔鼠,成年后脑组织n-3PUFAs含量较n-3 PUFAs饲料持续喂养的仔鼠明显降低(P<0.05);Bcl-2和CR的表达量高于n-3 PUFAs缺乏饲料持续喂养的仔鼠(P<0.05)。结论孕期和哺乳期保证适量n-3 PUFAs的摄入,有助于成年期脑神经元的发生,并减少神经元凋亡。
Objective To investigate the effects of nutritional status of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on neuronal apoptosis and neuronal apoptosis in adult rats during early life. Methods Twenty female Wistar female C57BL / 6J mice aged 3-4 weeks were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10) fed with n-3 PUFAs deficiency and 12-14 w Cage mating with male mice. At the 21st day after birth, 20 offspring of n-3 PUFAs were randomly selected and fed with n-3 PUFAs. The rats in the n-3 PUFAs group were fed with n-3 PUFAs lacking feed, Remaining pups were fed with the same diet as their mothers and ended at 3 months of age. Whole brain tissues were obtained after anesthesia was sacrificed in mice. Fatty acid methyl esterification-gas chromatography was used to determine brain fatty acids. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2, Bcl- -2, Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and Calretinin (CR) were detected. Results Compared with offspring fed with n-3 PUFAs lacking feed, the n-3 PUFAs content of n-3 PUFAs decreased significantly during pregnancy and lactation (P <0.05). However, the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and CR did not change significantly, which was still lower than that of n-3 PUFAs diet. The pups fed n-3 PUFAs lacking feed during weaning and postnatal n-3 PUFAs diet significantly decreased n-3 PUFAs content in adult brain compared with n-3 PUFAs diet (P <0.05) ). The expression levels of Bcl-2 and CR were higher than those of n-3 PUFAs fed with no feed (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Adequate intake of n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy and lactation can contribute to the occurrence of neurons in adult brain and reduce neuronal apoptosis.