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化工过程一般为多变量系统,即输入输出变量之间往往存在相互关联,但是在大多数的工业过程中,输入变量和输出变量之间的耦合作用范围是有限的,一般不包括全部范围,因此这些过程可以根据耦合强弱以分块的方式进行控制形成块分散控制系统。块分散控制综合了多变量集中控制高性能和完全分散PID控制易实现性和易维护性的特点,既能降低计算量,又能保证控制质量,因此块分散控制给复杂工业过程的控制提供了极大的便利。块分散控制系统设计的首要工作是进行输入变量和输出变量的块划分和块配对。块相对增益的概念来源于相对增益阵,可以在不设置控制器的条件下对块分散控制结构的闭环特性进行分析并进行块分散控制系统的结构设计。本文引入了块相对增益的定义和性质,介绍了利用块相对增益进行块分散控制系统结构筛选的方法。最后通过实例分析说明了块分散控制系统结构设计的过程,通过与预测控制的对比验证了块分散控制的控制性能不亚于多变量集中控制。
Chemical processes are generally multivariable systems, that is, there is often a correlation between input and output variables. However, in most industrial processes, the coupling range between input variables and output variables is limited and generally does not include the entire range. Therefore, These processes can be controlled according to the strength of the coupling in blocks to form a block decentralized control system. The block decentralized control combines the characteristics of multivariable centralized control of high performance and fully decentralized PID control with ease of implementation and ease of maintenance, which not only reduces the amount of computation but also ensures the quality of control. Therefore, block decentralized control provides the control of complex industrial processes Great convenience. Block decentralized control system design is the primary task of input variables and output variables block division and block matching. The concept of block relative gain is derived from the relative gain matrix. The closed-loop characteristics of the block decentralized control structure can be analyzed and the structure of the block decentralized control system can be designed without setting the controller. This paper introduces the definition and properties of block relative gain, and introduces the method of block decentralized control system structure selection by using block relative gain. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the process of block decentralized control system structure design. Compared with predictive control, it is verified that the control performance of block decentralized control is as much as that of multivariable centralized control.