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在《认识与兴趣》中,反思方法的重新启用被哈贝马斯视作重建批判理论认识论基础的关键。可是,哈贝马斯事先没有意识到,他的这一方法实际由两种反思扭合而成:一是先验反思,考察知识得以成立的主观条件;二是批判自我反思,目的在于打破意识形态控制,实现人类自我的真正解放。表面看来,两种反思的配合运用似乎使批判理论的兴趣基础得以顺利发掘,但细细体会,先验反思和批判自我反思是否以及何以能够相互支撑恰恰是哈贝马斯反思方法所要面对的最大难题。
In Cognition and Interest, the reintroduction of reflective methods is regarded by Habermas as the key to rebuilding the epistemological foundation of critical theory. However, Habermas did not realize in advance that his method actually consisted of twisting two reflections: one was transcendental reflection, the subjective condition for knowledge to be established; the other was to criticize self-reflection aimed at breaking consciousness Form control, to achieve the true liberation of human self. On the surface, the combination of the two reflections seems to have allowed the excavation of the basis of interest in critical theory to be successfully explored. However, it is obvious that whether or not transcendental and critical self-reflections support each other is exactly what Habermas’s method of reflection requires The biggest problem.