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自我是如何得到确定的问题曾在笛卡尔、洛克以及现代的帕菲特那里得到不同的解答。自从笛卡尔将自我规定为思维之后,人们关于自我的看法便形成了既定的模式,而洛克、帕菲特便是在这种模式下希望通过修改一些细节来满足人格同一性的标准。但这些修改是注定无法成功的,因为它们都是在修改人格同一性的经验性条件,而这些条件难以符合人们所设想的一些特殊情况。与之相对的是,康德提出了自我是一种先验意识的观点,这种观点可以很好地克服笛卡尔、洛克、帕菲特所面对的难题。
The question of how self was settled was given different answers to Descartes, Locke, and modern Pafit. Since Cartesian self-defined as thinking, people have formed the established model of self-perception, and Locke, Parfitt is in this model hope that by modifying some of the details to meet the standard of personality identity. However, these changes are doomed to be unsuccessful because they are all empirical conditions that modify the identity of personality, and these conditions are difficult to meet the special circumstances that people have envisioned. In contrast, Kant put forward the idea that self is a transcendental consciousness that can well overcome the difficulties confronting Descartes, Locke and Parfit.