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目的:优化四角蛤蜊醇沉上清液的电渗析脱盐工艺,分析脱盐前后的成分变化和安全性,为该资源的研究与开发提供参考。方法:以脱盐率、含固量转移率和氨基酸(以牛磺酸、丙氨酸计)转移率为综合评价指标,通过正交试验考察上样液质量浓度、药液p H和脱盐时间对电渗析脱盐工艺的影响,比较四角蛤蜊醇沉上清液脱盐前后成分的变化,采用急性毒性试验评价脱盐前后的安全性。结果:四角蛤蜊醇沉上清液的最佳脱盐工艺为药液质量浓度34.00 g·L~(-1),药液p H 4~5,脱盐时间1.5 h。脱盐率>90%,含固量转移率>65%,牛磺酸、丙氨酸保留率均>90%。脱盐前半数致死量(LD50)27.18 g·kg~(-1),经电渗析脱盐后最大耐受量37.48 g·kg~(-1)。结论:脱盐后的四角蛤蜊醇沉上清液毒性成分、盐分显著下降,效应物质基本保留,安全性明显提高。优选的脱盐工艺稳定可行,为该资源的后续研究与开发提供了理论依据。
OBJECTIVE: To optimize the electrodialysis desalination process of the clam-alcohol supernatant, analyze the composition changes and safety before and after desalination, and provide reference for the research and development of this resource. Methods: The rate of desalination, the rate of solid transfer and the ratio of amino acids (taurine and alanine) were used as the comprehensive evaluation indexes. The orthogonal design was used to determine the concentration of the sample solution, the pH of the solution and the desalting time Electrodialysis desalination process, the clam anticonvulsant supernatant before and after desalination changes in composition, the use of acute toxicity test to evaluate the safety of desalination. Results: The optimal desalination process of the clam supernatant was 34.00 g · L -1, p H 4 ~ 5 and desalting time 1.5 h. Desalination rate> 90%, solid transfer rate> 65%, taurine, alanine retention rate> 90%. The LD50 before desalination was 27.18 g · kg -1, and the maximum tolerated capacity after desalting by electrodialysis was 37.48 g · kg -1. CONCLUSION: The toxic components of the supernatant of the Tetrahedron clam after desalting show a significant decrease in salt content, with the effect substances being basically retained and the safety remarkably improved. The optimal desalination process is stable and feasible, which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent research and development of this resource.