21世纪初,俄罗斯的工会是规模最大的公民社会组织,有3000万人加入,占各种所有制形式的企业工人总数的45%。这样高的数字表明,工会对调节劳动关系有着不可替代的重要作用。回顾历史为了理解当今俄罗斯工人运动的问题和前景以及工会的发展,必须回顾历史。俄罗斯工人运动的研究者把工会发展分为三个主要的历史阶段:第一阶段是苏联之前的时期(19世纪末—1918年),第二阶段是苏联时期(1918—1991年),第三阶 At the beginning of the 21st century, Russia’s union was the largest civil society organization with 30 million people joining, accounting for 45% of the total number of workers in all forms of ownership. Such high figures show that trade unions play an irreplaceable and important role in regulating labor relations. Review History In order to understand the problems and prospects of today’s Russian workers’ movement and the development of trade unions, it is important to review history. Researchers in the Russian Workers’ Movement divided the development of trade unions into three major historical stages: the first period was the period before the Soviet Union (late 19th century - 1918), the second stage was the Soviet period (1918-1991), the third stage