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本文以长沙话为对象、以跨语言研究为基础,探讨完成体语义与“事件完成”之间的关系。作为个案研究,文章先对长沙话完成体进行分析并指出,长沙话“事件完成”的表达由表示事件界限标示语“咖”以及完成体标记“哒”共同完成。在此基础上,我们对观察到的现象进行跨语言的比较分析,涉及到的语言包括提纳语、捷克语以及西班牙语等。文章最后指出,完成体的语义可以表现为一个事件被截止或已经完成。具体的解释不仅仅取决于事件的终结点特性,一个非终结点事件的完成体也可以获得事件完结的语义解读。造成完成体语义不同解读的原因在于各语言里完成体动词的特性。
This article takes Changsha dialect as the object and based on the cross-linguistic research to explore the relationship between the completion of body semantics and “event completion ”. As a case study, the article first analyzes the completion of the Changsha case and points out that the expression of “completion of the case” in Changsha is accomplished jointly by the signifier of “event”, “coffee” and the completion of the body tag “da”. On this basis, we conduct a cross-lingual comparative analysis of the observed phenomena in languages such as Tina, Czech and Spanish. Finally, the article points out that the semantics of the body can be expressed as an event is closed or has been completed. The specific explanation depends not only on the endpoint characteristics of the event, but also on the completion body of a non-terminal event to obtain the semantic interpretation of the event. The reason for the different interpretation of body semantics is the completion of the characteristics of body verbs in various languages.