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目的:了解山东省孕妇的营养知识、饮食行为及影响因素。方法:采用分层抽样的方法,自行设计问卷,对山东省5个地区500名城乡孕妇营养知识及饮食行为进行调查。结果:调查对象营养知识平均为(7.17±1.74)分,及格率为44.00%。多元线性回归分析显示:居住在城市、文化程度高、家庭月收入高、参加孕妇学校学习是营养知识得分高的有利因素。城市孕妇牛奶和鸡蛋的摄入频率、有意摄取富含铁和钙的食物频率高于农村孕妇(P<0.05);农村孕妇“经常”食用腌制食物的比例高于城市孕妇(P<0.05)。结论:孕妇的营养知识水平较低,正确饮食行为有待提高,应建立和健全城乡孕妇的健康教育机构,指导她们科学合理的安排营养膳食。
Objective: To understand the nutritional knowledge, dietary behaviors and influencing factors of pregnant women in Shandong Province. Methods: Using stratified sampling method, the questionnaire was designed by ourselves to investigate the nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors of 500 pregnant women in urban and rural areas in 5 districts of Shandong Province. Results: The average nutritional knowledge of the surveyed subjects was (7.17 ± 1.74) points with a passing rate of 44.00%. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that: live in the city, a high degree of education, family monthly income is high, to participate in pregnant women school learning nutrition knowledge score is a favorable factor. The frequency of intake of milk and egg in urban pregnant women, the intentional intake of foods rich in iron and calcium were higher than those in rural pregnant women (P <0.05), and that of pregnant women in rural areas was higher than that of urban pregnant women (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The level of nutritional knowledge of pregnant women is low, and the correct dietary behaviors need to be improved. Health education institutions for pregnant women in urban and rural areas should be established and improved so as to guide them to arrange scientific and reasonable nutritional meals.