本文从交易成本理论的视角,探讨中国铁路客运实行公司化治理的必要性和可行性。中国铁路客运管理需要进行组织创新,建立真正的现代公司制度。只有在客网分离的条件下,进行区域性的分割和重组,节约交易费用的治理机制才有可能建立起来。 From the perspective of transaction cost theory, this article discusses the necessity and feasibility of implementing corporate governance in China’s railway passenger transport. China Railway Passenger Transport Management needs to innovate and establish a true modern company system. Only in the separation of customer networks under the conditions of regional segmentation and reorganization, the transaction cost savings governance mechanism is possible to establish.