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水是地球上万物的命脉所在,它滋润万物、哺育生命、创造文明。在现代工农业生产、经济发展和环境改善中,水更是不可替代的自然资源。随着世界济经的发展,不少地区和国家水资源的供需矛盾正日益突出。我国已被列入全世界人均水资源13个贫水国家之一,人均水资源占有量只有每年2300立方米,仅占世界人均水平的1/4。据全国水利普查结果显示,20世纪90年代以来,政府数据库里28000条河流消失,仅剩不到23000条河流。2013年新出版的《城市管理蓝皮书》指出,全国669个城市中有400多个存在不同程度的缺水问题,其中有136个缺水情况严重。同时,有50%的城市地下水遭到不同程度的污染,2.32亿人年均用水量严重不足,一些城市已经出现水资源危机。如何解决水的问题,成为了建设美丽中国、实现中华民族永续发展亟待解决的问题。为此,本期“西部大讲堂·名家圆桌对话”栏目,以《直面水危机》为题,对我国的水资源现状、利用状况、安全状况等进行分析研究,期以对缓解当前水资源危机有所裨益。
Water is the lifeblood of all things on earth, it nourishes everything, nurtures life and creates civilization. In modern industrial and agricultural production, economic development and environmental improvement, water is an irreplaceable natural resource. With the economic development in the world, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in many regions and countries is becoming increasingly prominent. China has been listed as one of the 13 water-poor countries with per capita water resources in the world, with the per capita water resources occupying only 2,300 cubic meters per year, accounting for only 1/4 of the world average. According to the results of the national water census, 28,000 rivers in the government database have disappeared since the 1990s, leaving less than 23,000 rivers left. The newly published Blue Book on Urban Management in 2013 pointed out that over 400 of the 669 cities in the country suffered from water scarcity to varying degrees, of which 136 were seriously water-scarce. At the same time, 50% of urban groundwater has been polluted to varying degrees, and the annual average water consumption of 232 million people is seriously inadequate. Some cities have experienced water crisis. How to solve the water problem has become a problem to be solved urgently to build a beautiful China and realize the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. To this end, this issue of “Western Lecture Hall · Masters Roundtable Dialogue” column, “facing the water crisis” as the title, on the status of our water resources, utilization, security status analysis and research, to alleviate the current water Resource crisis has benefited.