To report two cases of uterine cavity- myoma fistula as a medical complication after uterine artery embolization. Case report. Women’ s Medical Center/Viscomi Institute, S.ao Paulo, Brazil. Two patients presenting with symptomatic myomatous uterus: a 40- year- old woman with increased abdominal volume and hypermenorrhea, and a 42- year- old woman with pelvic pain and infertility. Uterine artery embolization, hysteroscopic followup, and laparoscopic myomectomy. Hysteroscopic follow- up after uterine artery embolization. The patients underwent uterine artery embolization. In the months that followed, a subsequent surgical hysteroscopic follow- up was performed to eliminate the necrotic material of the degenerated myomas. The two patients presented the same outcome 1 year after the uterine artery embolization had been performed: a communication between the uterine cavity and a degenerated myoma. Laparoscopic correction of the uterine wall defect was performed afterward. Because embolization is a growing option for the treatment of leiomyoma, it is important that potential complications be reported, especially if the patients want to become pregnant. The natural history of the fistula and its consequences are unknown, and physicians should be aware of these complications. Hysteroscopic follow- up was important in the diagnosis of the two cases. Women’s Medical Center / Viscomi Institute, S. o Paulo, Brazil. Two patients presenting with symptomatic myomatous uterus: a 40- year - old woman with increased abdominal volume and hypermenorrhea, and a 42- year-old woman with pelvic pain and infertility. Uterine artery embolization, hysteroscopic followup, and laparoscopic myomectomy. Hysteroscopic follow- up after uterine artery embolization. The patient underwent uterine artery embolization In the months that subsequently, a subsequent surgical hysteroscopic follow- up was performed to eliminate the necrotic material of the degenerated myomas. The two patients presented the same outcome for 1 year after the uterine artery embolization had been performed: a communication between the uterine cavity and a degenerated myoma. Laparoscopic correction of the uterine wall defect was performed afterward. Because emboliza tion is an growing option for the treatment of leiomyoma, it is important that potential complications be reported, especially if the patients want to become pregnant. The natural history of the fistula and its consequences are unknown, and physicians should be aware of these complications. Hysteroscopic follow-up was important in the diagnosis of the two cases.