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为斑节对虾 (Penaeusmonodon )淡化养殖设计了 3种水质管理模式 (各设 2个水塘 ) :①全封闭式 ,将纳水河水注入池后不再换水 ,仅靠降雨淡化盐度 ;②半封闭式 ,初始水均取自经贮水塘沉淀、曝晒数日的河口水 ,水深为池深的 80 % ,待幼虾全长至 4cm时 ,据水质状况添加河水 ;③逐步加淡水递降盐度方式 ,幼虾长至 4cm时 ,每隔 1～ 2d添加 2～ 5cm河水 ,水满时排出部分水 ,日均降盐度百分比为 0 .2 %～ 1.6 % ,幼虾长至 8～ 10cm时 ,池水最终盐度可降至淡水范围 (S≥ 0 .5 5 )。结果显示 ,3种方法养殖均获成功 ,单产为2 340～ 2 5 5 7kg/hm2 ;方法①塘的成活率最高 ,为 6 6 .4 %～ 6 7.3% ,盐度降率为 12 .3%～ 16 .4 % ,主要离子总量降率为 10 .9%～ 19.0 % ;方法②因只添加少量河水 ,盐度降率仅为 32 .2 %～ 4 8.3% ,主要离子总量降率为 39%～ 6 4% ;方法③的水质类型始终为海水型 (ClNaⅢ) ,盐度降率为 5 2 .8%～ 93.2 % ,主要离子总量降率为5 0 %～ 96 %。各淡化塘全周期有效氮总量较低 ,平均为 0 .2 1～ 0 .5 0mg/L ,其中NH3 Nt含量占 6 6 %以上 ,DO均呈过饱和状态 (10 9%～ 198% ) ,pH与COD较高 ,分别为 8.79～ 9.2 5与 16 .5 5～ 2 4 .2 1mg/L。
Three water quality management models (two ponds) were designed for the desalination culture of Penaeus monodon (1): totally enclosed, no change of water after the injection of the nanoflooding water into the pond, only desalination salinity by rainfall; Semi-closed, the initial water are taken from the reservoir sedimentation, exposure to a few days of estuarine water depth of 80% of the pool depth until the juvenile full-length to 4cm, according to the water quality to add water; Salinity, juvenile shrimp grow to 4cm, every 1 ~ 2d add 2 ~ 5cm river water, part of the water when the water is discharged, the average daily salinity percentage was 0.2% ~ 1.6%, juvenile shrimp grows to 8 ~ At 10 cm, the final salinity of the pond water can be reduced to the freshwater range (S ≥ 0.55). The results showed that all the three methods were successful in breeding, with a yield of 2 340-2 257 kg / hm2. Methods ① The highest survival rate of ponds ranged from 6.6% to 6.33%, and the salinity rate was 12.3 % ~ 16 .4%, the main ions of the total reduction rate of 10.9% ~ 19.0%; method ② because only a small amount of water added, the salinity rate was only 32.2% ~ 43.3%, the total amount of the main ion drop The water quality of method ③ was always seawater type (ClNaⅢ) with the salinity decreasing rate of 52.8% ~ 93.2% and the main ions decreasing rate of 50% ~ 96%. The total amount of available nitrogen in the desalting ponds during the whole period was relatively low with an average of 0.21-0.05 mg / L, of which NH3 Nt accounted for more than 6 6%, while DO was supersaturated (10 9% -198%) , pH and COD were higher, 8.79 ~ 9.25 and 16.55 ~ 24.21mg / L, respectively.