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目的:了解2006 - 2020年全国地方病防治机构砷检测实验室的质量控制（简称质控）考核情况，为进一步加强全国地方病防治机构实验室砷检测质控，保证全国地方性砷中毒监测数据的准确可靠提供保障。方法:收集2006 - 2020年全国参加砷质控考核实验室的考核结果，采用Z比评分法对考核结果进行评价（│Z│≤2为合格，2 <│Z│ < 3为基本合格，│Z│≥3为不合格），计算不同年份以及不同省份实验室水砷和尿砷考核合格率。结果:2006 - 2020年，14个省份参加水砷质控的实验室由25个增加到167个，参加尿砷质控的实验室由22个增加到90个；实验室考核样品浓度的标准差相对稳定，均< 0.05 mg/L。2006 - 2020年质控考核结果按│Z│ < 3计算，水砷合格率范围为64.0% ~ 100.0%，尿砷为54.5% ~ 100.0%；2009 - 2020年质控考核结果按│Z│≤2计算，水砷合格率范围为84.6% ~ 100.0%，尿砷为83.6% ~ 100.0%。2009 - 2020年13次水砷质控考核结果中，按│Z│≤2计算，省级实验室反馈全部合格的年份共8次，地市县级实验室反馈全部合格的年份共2次；省级实验室全部合格的省份共8个，地市县级实验室全部合格的省份共3个。2009 - 2020年13次尿砷的考核结果中，按│Z│≤2计算，省级实验室反馈全部合格的年份共6次，地市县级实验室反馈全部合格的年份共1次；省级实验室全部合格的省份共6个，地市县级实验室全部合格的省份共6个。结论:实验室的质控工作日益完善，但在个别环节仍然存在问题，各级实验室要继续加强实验室的建设和相关人员的培训，进一步提高检验人员的理论及技术水平，不断提高检测质量，使分析数据更具可靠性和可比性，以保证砷中毒防治监测工作的质量。“,”Objective:To analyse the quality control assessment results of arsenic testing laboratories of national endemic disease prevention and control institutions from 2006 to 2020, so as to further strengthen the quality control of arsenic determination in laboratories of national endemic disease prevention and control institutions, and to ensure the accuracy and reliability of national endemic arsenic poisoning monitoring data.Methods:The water arsenic and urinary arsenic test results of arsenic quality control laboratories from 2006 to 2020 were collected and evaluated by Z-ratio scoring method(│Z│≤2 was qualified, 2 < │Z│ < 3 was basically qualified, │Z│≥3 was unqualified), and the qualification rates of water arsenic and urinary arsenic in different years and different provinces were calculated.Results:From 2006 to 2020, the number of laboratories participating in water arsenic quality control in 14 provinces has increased from 25 to 167, and the number of laboratories participating in urinary arsenic quality control increased from 22 to 90. The standard deviation of laboratory assessment samples was relatively stable, all < 0.05 mg/L. The quality control assessment results from 2006 to 2020 were calculated according to │Z│ < 3, the qualified rate of water arsenic ranged from 64.0% to 100.0%, and that in urine was 54.5% to 100.0%. The quality control assessment results from 2009 to 2020 were calculated according to │Z│≤2, the qualified rate of water arsenic was 84.6% - 100.0%, and that in urine was 83.6% - 100.0%. Among the 13 water arsenic assessment results from 2009 to 2020, according to │Z│≤2, provincial laboratories reported all qualified years for 8 times, prefecture, city and county-level laboratories reported all qualified years for 2 times; there were 8 provinces with all qualified laboratories at province level and 3 provinces with all qualified laboratories at prefecture, city and county-level. Among the 13 assessment results of urinary arsenic from 2009 to 2020, according to │Z│≤2, the provincial laboratories reported all qualified years for 6 times, and the prefecture, city and county-level laboratories all qualified for 1 times; there were 6 provinces in which all provincial laboratories were qualified, and there were 6 provinces in which all prefecture, city and county-level laboratories were qualified.Conclusions:The quality control work of laboratories is improving day by day, but there are still some problems in individual links. Laboratories at all levels should continue to strengthen the construction of laboratories and the training of relevant personnel, further improve the theoretical and technical level of inspectors, and continuously improve the detection quality, to make the analysis data more reliable and comparable, so as to ensure the quality of arsenic poisoning prevention and monitoring work.