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目的掌握深圳市龙岗区职业病发病情况,分析发病规律,为制定职业病防治对策提供依据。方法回顾性分析1993-2008年龙岗区职业病报告卡和事故调查资料。结果16年间该区共发生职业病94宗,确诊职业病人数430例,死亡10例,病死率2.33%,职业中毒的行业系统分布主要以金属制品业、通信设备、计算机及其它电子设备制造业、塑料制品业为主,分别占26.60%、13.83%和12.77%;引起职业中毒的化学及物理因素以有机溶剂为主,共发生58起,占总中毒宗数的61.71%,发病人数246人,占职业病总例数的57.21%;而有机溶剂中又以三氯乙烯的危害最为严重,共发生23起,中毒27例,死亡7例,占死亡人数70%。结论深圳龙岗区职业中毒危害严重,职业中毒事故的发生在高危行业和重点毒物有明显的集中趋势,不同行业的职业中毒呈现不同的特点,强化管理是预防控制职业中毒的重要环节。
Objective To understand the incidence of occupational diseases in Longgang District, Shenzhen, analyze the pathogenesis and provide basis for the development of occupational disease prevention and control measures. Methods Retrospective analysis of occupational disease report card and accident investigation data from 1993 to 2008 in Longgang District. Results A total of 94 occupational diseases occurred in this district during the 16 years. There were 430 confirmed cases of occupational diseases, 10 deaths and a case fatality rate of 2.33%. The systematic distribution of occupational poisoning was mainly in the metal products industry, communications equipment, computer and other electronic equipment manufacturing, plastics Which accounted for 26.60%, 13.83% and 12.77% respectively. The chemical and physical factors that caused occupational poisoning were mainly organic solvents. A total of 58 occurred, accounting for 61.71% of the total number of poisonings, with a total of 246 patients, accounting for Accounting for 57.21% of the total number of occupational diseases. Toxicity of trichlorethylene to organic solvents was the most serious, with a total of 23 cases, 27 cases of poisoning and 7 deaths, accounting for 70% of the deaths. Conclusion Occupational poisoning in Longgang District, Shenzhen is serious. Occupational poisoning incidents are concentrated in high-risk industries and key toxicants. Occupational poisoning in different industries presents different characteristics. Intensive management is an important part of prevention and control of occupational poisonings.