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目的:探讨高流量鼻导管通气（HFNC）应用于早产儿机械通气撤机中的效果及对血气分析的影响。方法:回顾性分析浙江省湖州市妇幼保健院2017年1月至2018年12月60例行机械通气早产儿的临床资料。其中，于撤机后采取鼻塞式持续气道正压通气（NCPAP）30例（NCPAP组），于撤机后采用HFNC 30例（HFNC组）。比较两组通气时间、总用氧时间、并发症及撤机后12和24 h动脉血氧分压（PaOn 2）和动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCOn 2）。n 结果:两组通气时间和总用氧时间比较差异无统计学意义（n P>0.05）。HFNC组并发症发生率明显低于NCPAP组[13.33%（4/30）比46.67%（14/30）]，差异有统计学意义（n P<0.05）。HFNC组撤机后12和24 h PaOn 2明显高于NCPAP组[（68.83 ± 2.76）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）比（64.79 ± 2.31）mmHg和（78.46 ± 3.32）mmHg比（74.72 ± 2.18）mmHg]，PaCOn 2明显低于NCPAP组[（48.93 ± 2.51）mmHg比（52.31 ± 3.18）mmHg和（38.78 ± 4.23）mmHg比（43.67 ± 3.65）mmHg]，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05). The incidence of complications in HFNC group was significantly lower than that in NCPAP group: 13.33% (4/30) vs. 46.67% (14/30), and there was statistical difference (n P<0.05). The PaOn 2 12 and 24 h after withdrawal in HFNC group was significantly higher than that in NCPAP group: (68.83 ± 2.76) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (64.79 ± 2.31) mmHg and (78.46 ± 3.32) mmHg vs. (74.72 ± 2.18) mmHg, the PaCOn 2 was significantly lower than that in NCPAP group: (48.93 ± 2.51) mmHg vs. (52.31 ± 3.18) mmHg and (38.78 ± 4.23) mmHg vs. (43.67 ± 3.65) mmHg, and there were statistical differences (n P<0.05).n Conclusions:HFNC is effective in mechanical ventilation withdrawal of premature infants, which can reduce complications and improve blood gas analysis.